ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
237 
the body of the antherozoid proceed from the cytoplasm of the mother- 
cell ; the filament of chromatin from its nucleus. 
In the Characeae the two vibratile cilia are not attached to the anterior 
part of the body of the antherozoid, but further back. There is here 
also an achromatic portion and a chromatic filament, the latter being 
situated in that part which lies beneath the insertion of the cilia. The 
anterior portion of the antherozoid, with its cilia, and the posterior 
achromatic part of the body of the antherozoid, are derived from the 
cytoplasm of the mother-cell, the nucleus of which elongates and curves, 
and becomes the chromatic filament. 
It is therefore not the nucleus only of the mother-cell which 
becomes the antherozoid in Musci, Characem, and Vascular Cryptogams, 
for its cytoplasm is the part from which the achromatic portion is 
formed. 
Petiole of Osmundaceae.* — M. G. Poirault finds that the vascular 
system of the petiole of the Osmundaceae does not differ from that in 
other Ferns. There is always a double phloem, on the outer and inner 
side of the bundle, characterized by sieve-tubes with terminal strongly 
oblique septa, and punctations blocked by callus. In Osmunda regalis 
and Todea pellucida and africana the xylem, double phloem, and peri- 
cycle, are together completely surrounded by an endoderm, the cells of 
which have characteristic suberized markings on their radial faces. 
Lepidodendron Harcourtii.f — M. C. E. Bertrand has made a careful 
examination of the structure of this fossil Vascular Cryptogam, and 
maintains that it does not exhibit any phanei'ogamic character. The 
presence of secondary fibrovascular formations does not necessarily 
indicate a phanerogamic structure. A point of difference is referred to 
between Lepidodendron and Sigillaria, in the ramification being axillary 
in the latter, iudepeudent of the axils of the leaves in the former genus. 
Muscineae, 
Stem and Leaf of Mosses.l — M. E. Bastit has made a series of 
careful observations on the stem and leaves of a great variety of mosses, 
from both an anatomical and a physiological point of view. The fol- 
lowing are the more important results. 
The underground stem of mosses differs in structure from the aerial 
stem, and is characterized by the localization of the generative tissues, 
the vascular bundles, and the liypoderm. Its growth is indefinite. It 
has three bundles or groups of bundles, each corresponding to an angle ; 
and each is continued into the nerve of a scale. The scale is a brown 
foliar organ, the lamina of which, composed of a single layer of cells, is 
always more reduced than that of the leaf, and always sheaths the stem. 
The aerial stem has an indefinite growth ; its anatomical structure is of 
four different types, viz.: — (1) The Sphagnum- type; a uniform paren- 
chyme limited by a zone of large aquiferous cells; (2) The Thuidium- 
type ; a uniform parenebyme limited by a layer of epidermal cells ; 
* .Town, de Bat. (Morot), v. (1801) p. 355. Cf. this Journal, 1891, p. 775. 
t Trav. et Mem. dcs Faculte's de Lille, ii., 159 pp. and 10 pis. See Bull. Soc. 
Bot. France, xxxviii. (1891) p. 257. Cf. this Journal, 1891, p. 776. 
t Uev. Gen. de Bot. (Bonnier), iii. (1891) pp. 255-71, 306-16, 341-60, 373-88 
406-26, 462-87, 521-30 (2 pis. and 42 figs ). Cf. this Journal, 1891, p. 501. 
1892. s 
