ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
245 
Cultivation of Basidiomycetes.* — M. J. Costantin describes the 
mode in which he has been successful in obtaining pure cultures of 
several species of Basidiomycetes. For Nyctalis lycoperdoides he uses 
the chlamydospores, for Marasmius Olese the basidiospores, and the 
perpetuity of the cultures was obtained by means of tbe mycele. 
Saccharine Matters in Boletus edulis.j — M. E. Bourquelot gives 
the proportions of saccharine matters found in one kilogram of fresh 
tissue of Boletus edulis. In the stipe 24*5 grm. of trehalose and 
0 - 77 grm. of glucose; in the pileus 13 ‘8 grm. of trehalose and 
O' 71 grm. of glucose. In the hymenophore (tubes) no saccharine 
matters were found. This explains why the larvae of diptera are almost 
exclusively localized in the 6tipe of the fungus. 
Protophyta. 
a. Schizophyceae. 
Movements of Diatoms. J — From observations made chiefly on 
Syneara , Herr K. Scliilberszky confirms Ptitzer’s theory as to the cause 
of motion in diatoms. With the aid of very finely divided coloured 
particles, it is easy to demonstrate the existence of currents on tho 
surface of the diatom-valve, which are usually interrupted jerking or 
pulsating movements, though the particles are sometimes driven rapidly 
without interruption from one end of the diatom to the other. The seat 
of this motion is, in the author’s view, a coating of protoplasm which 
escapes from the interior of the diatom outside the raphe, and also 
between the overlapping edges of the two valves, on the girdle-side ; 
whether it also protrudes through pores iu the valves he is unable at 
present to say. The fine particles of protoplasm which thus protrude 
are probably in a condition of vibratile motion, though this motion is 
exceedingly difficult to make out, iu consequence of tho extreme tenuity 
of the threads and their very rapid movement. 
De Toni’s Sylloge Algarum (Bacillariese).— The second section of 
vol. ii. of De Toni’s Sylloge is devoted to the division of diatoms known 
as Fseudoraphidese, and comprises the following families : — Nitzschiacese, 
Cylindrothecaceie, Surirellaceae, Diatomaccee, Meridionaceae, Trachy- 
spheuiacese, Fragilariaccte, Plagiogrammaceae, Licmophoraceae, Striatel- 
laceae, Entopylacese, and Eunotiacese. Descriptions are given of 1287 
species, of which 187 belong to Nitzschia, 194 to Suriraya ( Surirella ), 
112 to Campylodiscus, 86 to Synedra, 92 to Fragilaria, 64 to Bliaphoneis, 
48 to Plagiogramma, and 97 to Eunolia. 
Campylodiscus. § — Mr. J. Deby publishes a monograph of this order 
of diatoms, illustrated by 15 beautiful phototypic plates. Abolishing 
no less than 197 names of previous authors, he reduces the number of 
species to 80, of which 23 are new, and 11 British. All the species, 
except one or two, are marine or brackish. 
A frustule of Campylodiscus is formed by two saddle-shaped valves, 
* Eev. Gen. de Bot. (Bonnier), iii. (1891) pp. 497-511 (1 pi.). 
t Comptes Kendus, cxiii. (1891) pp. 749-51. Cf. this Journal, 1891, p. 504. 
J Hedwigia, xxx. (1891) pp. 273-90 (1 pi.). 
§ ‘ Analysis of the diatoniaeeous genus Campylodiscus,' London, 1891, 98 pp. and 
15 pis. 
