ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
279 
deemed erroneous in the theories or opinions of others. In his 
business he was conscientious and painstaking to a fault. Often when 
making an instrument or piece of apparatus to order, if he saw where 
there was room for improvement, he would spend hours or days in 
experiments, perhaps wasting all the results of his previous labour, 
refusing to slight his work at any cost. Whether it was the simplest 
accessory or the finest Microscope stand, nothing was allowed to leave 
his work-bench until it was as perfect as his trained hand and eye 
could make it. His reputation was more than money, and he lived to 
see his fame world-wide. Besides being a member of the Illinois State 
Microscopical Society, he was a member of the Chicago Academy of 
Sciences, the American Society of Microscopists, and of the Royal 
Microscopical Society of Loudon. His death leaves a gap in the rank 
of scientific workers which cannot easily be filled.” 
0. Technique.* 
(1) Collecting: Objeots, including: Culture Processes. 
Simple Apparatus for Cultivation of Small Organisms. j — Prof. 
Marshall Ward describes a simple apparatus for the cultivation of small 
organisms in hanging drops and in various gases under the Microscope. 
The two ends of a piece of thick-walled glass tubing about 3/4 in. in 
diameter and 3 in. long, are softened and slightly drawn to narrow 
tubes, not too thin. One face of the now central bulb is ground flat 
until a hole about 1/2 in. in diameter is cut through; a similar 
hole is then ground on the opposito face of the bulb. The glass is 
sterilized at 150° C. and cemented by paraflin (or by gelatin in acetic 
acid) by one of its ground faces to abroad glass slide properly sterilized. 
Sterilized cotton wool is stuifed into the two narrow tubulures, and the 
hanging-drop culture, properly prepared on a sterile cover- slip, is 
cemented over the upper hole of the chamber. If it is necessary to pass 
gases into the culture one of the stuffed tubulures is connected by means 
of caoutchouc tubing (sterilized in corrosive sublimate, absolute alcohol, 
and boiling) with the appropriate gas apparatus. If a very strong cover- 
slip and careful cementing are employed a very good partial vacuum can 
be obtained and even retained for some hours. The apparatus seems to 
be adapted for many kinds of examination. 
Macaroni as a solid Nutrient Medium.} — Prof. G. de Lagerheim 
rcommends macaroni as a substitute for potato. Macaroni as white as 
possible, and having a diameter of 5 mm. and a lumen of 3 mm., is broken 
up into pieces of 4*5 cm. and placed in a sterilized test-tube, and then 
water sufficient to cover the macaroni by 1 cm. is poured in. The tube 
is then heated for about a quarter of an hour, by which time the macaroni 
is soft and swollen ; the water is then carefully poured off and the test- 
tube, having been plugged with cotton wool, is steam-sterilized. Thus 
* This subdivision contains (1) Collecting Objects, including Culture Pro- 
cesses; (2) Preparing Objects; (3) Cutting, including Imbedding and Microtomes ; 
(4) Staining and Injecting; (5) Mounting, including slides, preservative fluids, &c. ; 
(6) Miscellaneous. t Rep. Brit. Ass., 1891 (1892) pp. 678-9. 
t Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., xi. (1892) pp. 147-8. 
