ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
357 
appear to be of the nature of connective tissue. The future fate of the 
cells in the pupa and imago is to be described in a future communi- 
cation. 
Embryology of Chalcidinse.* — M. L. F. Henneguy finds that in the 
Hymenopterous genus Srnicra the segmentation of the egg is total ; 
a single embryonic membrane appears very early before the formation 
of the embryo, and by a process which is very different from that which 
gives rise to the amnion of other Insects. The egg undergoes a con- 
siderable increase in size during its development, owing to the remark- 
able elasticity of its chorion. The embryonic membrane follows the 
growth of the embryo ; its cells attain a large size and do not multiply. 
When the embryo is well formed these cells break up and undergo fatty 
degeneration. The egg obtains by endosmosis from the blood of its 
host the elements necessary for its nutrition. 
Articulation of Abdominal Ring in Hymenoptera.f — M. G. Carlet 
has discovered an articular membrane which, by its folds, forms a kind 
of zig-zag articulation between the rings of the abdomen of Hymeno- 
ptera ; this is well developed in the Bee. This mode of articulation 
allows the rings to be pushed into or out of one another, by the folding 
or unfolding of the interannular membrane. It is this arrangement 
which allows of the respiratory movements in all Hymenoptera ; while, 
in the Bee, it facilitates the accumulation of wax under the ventral 
arches, and aids in the protection and prehension of this substance by 
the insect. 
The Genus Carabus.J — Herr A. Morawitz describes two new species 
of Cardbus from Central Asia, namely Cardbus (Cratocephalus) pupulus 
and Cardbus (Tribax) eous, and jiasses from these to a discussion of the 
large genus. He is forced to recognize several sub-generic divisions: — 
Carabi tribacogenici, including Platycarabus, Plectes, Tribax , Damaster, 
Coptolabrus, Acoptolabrus, and Cychrocarabus ; Carabi cechenogenici, 
including Iniopachus, Cechenus, Cathaicus ; Carabi procrustogenici, 
including Pachystes, Procrusticus, Procrustes , Pseudoprocrustes , and 
Chsetomelas. Of the Procrustes-group diagnoses are given. 
Hypostigmatic Cells of Bombyx mori.§— SS. E. Verson and E. 
Bisson give a detailed account of the remarkable large cells which occur 
in groups under or near the abdominal stigmata of the silkworm. These 
cells are remarkable histologically, especially in the direct continuity 
between the nuclear plasma and a peripheral “ aureole,” and in the 
delicate striations on the protoplasmic processes which radiate from the 
nucleus outwards. The cells increase in size during the larval life, and 
the nuclei exhibit remarkable structural changes. It seems certain 
that the hypostigmatic cells are glandular, that their secretory activity 
exhibits rhythmical periodicity, and that the nucleus has an active and 
direct share in the process of secretion. 
Dimorphism among Pemphigiidae ||— M. Horvath shows that in 
Teiraneura gallarum ulmi there are parallel dimorphic series such as 
* Comptes Rendus, cxiv. (1892) pp. 133-6. t Tom. cit., pp. 766-7. 
J Melanges Biologiques (Bull. Acad. Imp. Sei. St. Petersbourg), xiii. (1891) 
pp. 5-54. § Bull. Soc. Entomol. Ital., xxiii. (1891) 4-19 (2 pis.). 
|| Comptes Rendus, cxiv. (1892) pp. 842-4. 
