372 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
the nephrostomes of the Annulate, than from the glandular ciliated cells 
of the Platyhelminthes. 
Hosts of Echinorhynchus proteus.* * * § — Dr. O. Hamann brings for- 
ward evidence to show that this parasite does not always pass its larval 
stage in Gammarus pulex, but that at this stage it may infest the liver 
of various fishes, such as Cottus gobio, Gobio jluviatilis, Gastrosteus aculea- 
tus, in the intestine of which it lives when mature. 
Helminth Larvae.f — Dr. v. Linstow has notes on Ascaris Pterostichi, 
Filaria Gammari, Filaria Ephemeridarum spp. nn., Angiostomum macro- 
stomum v. L., Tricliosoma Bombinatoris, Nematodum Gamasi spp. nn., 
Mermis crassa v. L., M. Gammari, M. Sialidis spp. nn., Gordius tolosanus 
Duj., Echinorhynchus polyinorphus, E. proteus, Cercaria Limnsea truncatulae 
sp. n., Distomum endolobum Duj., I). Pulicis sp. n., I). Sialidis sp. n., 
£). echinatum, Gyrodactylus elegans v. Nord. ; and eight species of Cysti- 
cercus including Cysticercus Tseniee pacliyacanthee sp. n. and Cysticercus 
Lacertse sp. n. 
7 . Platyhelminthes. 
Terminations of Excretory Apparatus of Nemertinea.f — Herr O. 
Burger finds that the canals of the nephridial apparatus of Nemertines 
are provided with a ciliated epithelium, and end in hollow blind swell- 
ings, which are also invested in a unilaminate multicellular epithelium. 
Attached to the blind thickened end of each swelling there is a “ flame ” 
which swings into the lumen of the swelling. 
Bipalium Kewense.§ — Mr. A. E. Shipley has a note on this im- 
ported worm, which has lately been found near Bath. He confirms 
Bell by saying that strong sunlight is harmful and often fatal to it. He 
describes the indicating organs as containing threads which do not, like 
those of Hydra, stretch straight out, but assume a somewhat coiled 
disposition ; and he suggests that the rhabdites, so common in Turbel- 
laria, may he derived from the basal part of the flagellated structures. 
Minute Structure of Trematoda.|| — Dr. G. Brandes communicates 
some of the results of his studies on the minute anatomy of these 
worms. Cutis, epidermis, limiting membrane, dermal layer, cortical 
layer, basement membrane, sistema tegumentaris, investing membrane, 
cuticle and pseudocuticle are all names for one and the same tissue in 
Trematodes ; and they show how varied have been the views of investi- 
gators. After discussing some of these the author tells us that there is 
no subcuticle in the ordinary sense of the word ; what is generally so 
called is nothing more than a part of the parenchymatous connective 
tissue ; the outer covering of the body is, however, a true cuticle, and 
is the product of the dermal glandular layer which is present in all 
Trematodes. The author gives a detailed account of what he has been 
able to observe in Amphistomum conicum, and shorter notes of the 
characters presented by other forms. 
* Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., x. (1891) pp. 791-2. 
f Arch. f. Mikr. Anat., xxxix. (1892) pp. 325-43 (1 pi.). 
1 Zeitschr. f. Wiss. Zool., liii. (1891) pp. 322-33 (1 pi.). 
§ Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc., vii- (1892) pp. 142-7. 
|| Zeitschr. f. Wiss. Zool., liii. (1892) pp. 558-77 (1 pi.). 
