ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
399 
The Perisporiaee® have a close envelope without any ostiole, the 
spores becoming free by its decay. They are divided into the Erysiphe®, 
parasitic fungi, in which the mycele hears conids, and the fructification 
is provided with appendages ; the Perisporie®, usually saprophytic, or, 
if not, with a brown septated mycele, the fructification often sclerotioid ; 
and the Tuberace®, the hypogmous forms of which have tuberous, fleshy, 
simple or chambered fructifications, the pericarp consisting of a strong 
pseudo-parenchymatous tissue, often of several layers. 
The Pyrenomycetes have a close envelope with a distinct ostiole ; 
the ascocarp or perithece forms a globular or flask-shaped structure. 
They include three families — (1) the Hypocreace®, in which the peri- 
theces are soft and fleshy, of a light colour, and often combined into a 
stroma ; (2) the Sph®riace®, with firmer darker peritheces, often united 
into a stroma quite distinct from the wall of the perithece ; (3) the Dothi- 
deace® ; the peritheces always imbedded in a stroma, and not distinctly 
separated from its tissue. (1) The Hypocreace® are distinguished by 
the frequency of secondary forms of fructification, both conids and 
chlamydospores. A new genus Pyxidophora is separated from Hypo- 
myces by the absence of chlamydospores and stroma, and the simple 
structure of the perithece. (2) In the Sphmriace® the perithece is 
dark coloured, membranous, leathery, woody, or carbonaceous, but never 
fleshy ; the secondary fructifications have the form of conids on free 
conidiophores, in layers, or in pycnids, or of chlamydospores. They 
include the following families : — Sordarie®, copricolous, with the peri- 
theces not usually collected into a stroma ; Ch®tomie®, with delicate 
fragile peritheces, bearing a characteristic tuft of hairs at the perforated 
apex ; Trichosph®rie®, with small peritheces clothed with hairs or 
bristles ; Melanomme®, covering the surface of dead wood ; Cerato- 
stome®; Cucurbitarie®, which sometimes produce pycnids; Sph®rel- 
loide®, of which Dematium, pullulans is possibly a conidial form ; Pleo- 
spore®, the secondary fructification of which has the form of conids on 
free couidiophores or in pycnids, or of chlamydospores, the conids some- 
times assuming the form of Alternaria ; Massarie®, with free conids or 
chlamydospores and pycnids; Clypeospli®rie® ; Gnomonie® ; Valse®, 
the pycnid-form of a genus of this class is known as Cytispora ; Diatrype®, 
in which the conidial stromas are sometimes united into a coreme resem- 
bling Isaria ; Melanconide® ; Melogramme®; Xylarie®, which form the 
most highly developed type of the Sphmriace®. (3) In the Dothideace® 
the asci are formed in cavities in the stroma, which t.ake the place of the 
peritheces. 
The Hysteriace® are distinguished by their apotheces opening when 
ripe by a longitudinal fissure in the form of lips. 
In the Discomycetes the apothece bursts at the apex into lobes. They 
are divided into six families: — (1) Phacidiace® ; (2) Stictide® ; (3) Try- 
blidie®; (4) Dermatiace® ; (5) Pezizace® ; (6) Helvellace®. (1) In the 
Phacidiace® the apotheces are formed in the interior of dead parts of 
plants, open at the apex, and expose the hymene as a flat disc. They 
are divided into Euphacidie® and Pseudophacidie®. (2) The apotheces 
of the Stictide® are buried in the substratum ; the hymene rests on a 
thin hypotliece ; the parenchymatous pericarp is waxy and of a light 
colour. (3) In the Tryblidie® the apotheces arc ultimately completely 
