178 
THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 
April, 1917 
branches will be found which will demand 
their removal. Such work can u'sually be done 
without injury and the tree rebuilt. 
WHAT VARIETIES TO PLANT 
Apples: From our experience thus far we 
have found the following list of varieties of 
apples to be very successful as dwarfs: Astra- 
chan, Primate, Chenango, Oldenburg, Wealthy, 
\\ agener. Spy, Badey Sweet, Cox Orange, Mc- 
Intosh, and we are informed that Fall Pippin, 
Williams Red, Mother, and Gravenstein are 
equally successful. It seems unwise to grow 
ordinary varieties in the garden, so that, while 
Bismarck is extremely beautiful, and grows 
very well as a dwarf, it is hardly worth the 
room; the same is true of Alexander, Twenty 
Ounce, Beitigheimer and probably serveral 
other varieties. Probably Baldwin, Sutton, 
Grimes, Winesap, and Yellow Transparent 
should be added to the list of desirables. 
Pears are dwarfed by budding the variety 
on the quince root, but not all varieties unite 
well with the quince and it not infrequently 
happens that about the time the tree is 6 or 7 
years old the top blows over. \ here is no 
reason, however, why we should not as time 
goes on select some dwarf-growing seedling 
pear roots and use these for the purpose of 
propagating some of these varieties which are 
indifferent growers on the quince root. Now 
it is necessary in order to grow them on the 
quince to double work, i. e. the trunk is of a 
variety which will unite with the quince, the 
top is the one desired. At the present time 
the varieties which are usually budded direct 
on the quince are Angouleme, Anjou, Bart- 
lett, Seckel, Louise Bonne, Lawrence, and all 
of these lend themselves very well to training. 
Among varieties which also are of value 
because they can be trained easily but which 
are difficult to bud direct on to quince may be 
mentioned Bose, Nelis, Easter Buerre, Jose- 
phine, Comice, Diel. 
Peaches and Nectarines are usually grown 
on plum stocks in order to dwarf them, and 
frequently they are budded on the Lombard 
Wagener apple on Doucin stock. Eight years from the bud 
and six years planted. Orchard in sod 
Pyramid trained dwarf apple tree which is an object of in- 
terest in the border and from which the owner can gather 
the crop as he wants 
plum trunk in order to get the result. For 
growing under glass they are frequently top- 
worked 3 or 4 feet from the ground and the 
fan-shaped wall tree is the form which seems 
to find the most favor. If they are to be 
grown out-of-doors, there is no need for them 
to be budded so high on the trunk; they would 
be much better if they were but 6 inches from 
the ground. In regions where the winters are 
too severe for peaches to live without shelter 
the espalier ma}' be laid down and covered 
for winter. 
One thing to remember in pruning the 
Peach is that the fruit is borne on wood 
of the previous year’s growth. Under cer- 
tain conditions a certain amount of summer 
pruning is given. Any excess of branches 
which start are pinched back from time to 
time, and weak shoots which are apt to 
crowd are removed. 
In the winter time another pruning is usu- 
ally given which consists of the thinning out 
of the wood, the removal of old wood or any 
which is diseased and the rearrangement of the 
new. The peach will stand considerable prun- 
ing. It must not be allowed to become too thick. 
The nectarine is also well worthy of con- 
sideration and when grown under glass is 
highly esteemed even in Western New ork 
which is recognized as a fruit growing section. 
PEACHES ON A HEAVY SOIL 
Those having a very heavy soil and wishing 
to grow peaches may do so by having them on 
the plum stock. The plum root is much better 
adapted to the heavy land than is the peach. 
Anybody attempting to grow dwarf plums 
should select the best of each class, for in- 
stance, among the Japanese, Red June, Abund- 
ance, and Burbank may be used, but they are 
apt to overgrow the stock and be short lived. 
They grow very rapidly so that it is probably 
best to use them as small standards rather 
than as wall or espalier trees. 
Among the European varieties, those which 
are particularly desirable include Bavay, 
Reine Claude, Coe’s Golden Drop, Bradshaw, 
Italian Prune, Shropshire Damson, French 
Damson, Grand Duke, MiddLeburg, Sannois, 
which are all valuable on account of their 
high quality. As at present grown in the 
American nurseries, these are budded on 
Myrobolan stock. In order to dwarf them 
they might be budded upon the Sand Cherry. 
As a rule most of the European varieties form 
their fruit spurs on one and two year-old 
branches and in pruning care should be taken 
to give them ample light. They will stand 
considerable thinning. 1 he best results are 
usually secured by growing them as stand- 
ards rather than as espalier. 
Dzt arf Cherries are secured by budding them 
on the Mahaleb roots. Sour cherries unite 
much better with this root than the sweets, 
and since the Morello cherry, which is a very 
sour black cherry when ripe, is normally a 
dwarf grower, it is one of the best to use as a 
dwarf tree. The sweet cherries when budded 
on this stock are not nearty so successful as 
the sours. They are much more apt to die 
at the time they come into bearing than to 
live. Among good varieties of Sour Cherries 
are Richmond, Montmorency and Morello. 
TREES IN POTS 
All kinds of dwarf trees may be grown in 
pots. In this form they may be grown in the 
greenhouse and made to produce their fruit 
out of season. A 12-inch pot is adequate for a 
dwarf apple on Paradise roots and consider- 
able interest may be aroused by the growing 
of figs in such, even in Northern New \ ork. 
They will need some shelter during the winter 
months but may be plunged in the soil out- 
of-doors during the summer. 1 he plants will 
need liberal feeding of commercial fertilizers 
during the growing season or moderate water- 
ings of liquid manure may be given especially 
at the time the fruit is ripening. 
While there does not seem very much open- 
ing for dwarf trees as a commercial proposi- 
tion the time may come faster than we now 
think when the demand for the highest class 
of fruit will warrant their consideration, but 
for the large mass of suburbanites and for 
those who wish to have the pleasure of grow- 
ing these handsome small trees they are a 
source of much enjoyment and undoubtedly 
can be made to be of profit. 
Wagener on Paradise stock; same age as the tree on the left 
and growing under like conditions Height 5 ft. 
