254 
THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 
June, 1915 
chinensis var. ochroleuca). In 1825, the 
Small-leaved Rose ( R . Roxburghii, better 
known as R. micro phylla) with double 
reddish flowers blossomed for the first time 
in Messrs. Colville’s Nursery in London. 
We have already mentioned that Chinese 
Roses were introduced to India in the eigh- 
teenth century and that some of them to- 
ward the end of that century were intro- 
duced to the French Isles of Bourbon, south 
of the equator, where we learn they thrived 
amazingly and produced new forms. 
From Mauritius in 1810, Sweet intro- 
duced to England the Fairy Rose ( R . 
chinensis var. minima) ; this I consider to 
be merely a variant of var. semperflorens, 
the Crimson Monthly Rose. About 1819, 
from the Isle of Bourbon, the Rose Ed- 
ward reached France, and crossed with 
the French Rose (R. gallica) gave rise to the 
Hybrid Bourbon Roses. This Rose Ed- 
ward is of much interest; long ago it was 
cultivated in Calcutta and it is obviously 
a Hybrid Chinese. The specimen I have 
seen strongly suggests R. chinensis x R. cenli- 
folia as its parentage. 
The Chinese Monthly Rose ( R . chinensis) 
crossed with the French Rose ( R . gallica) 
gave rise to the Hybrid Chinese Roses. 
The Hybrid Chinese and the Hybrid 
Bourbon crossed with the Damask Rose 
(R. damascena) gave rise to the Hybrid 
Perpetual Roses. The Hybrid Perpetual 
crossed with the Tea Rose ( R . chinensis 
var. odoratissima) gave rise to the Hybrid 
Tea Roses which to-day are the dominant 
class of Roses. Lastly, Rosa chinensis 
crossed with the Musk Rose ( R . ?noschata) 
gave rise to the Noisette Roses, a beautiful 
class which, unfortunately, has gone out 
of favor. 
But to return to the collectors: In 1846, 
Robert Fortune sent from China to England 
the yellow-buff Fortune Rose ( R . chinensis 
var. pseudoindica), a tea-scented Rose rather 
similar to the var. ochroleuca and widely 
known under the name “Beauty of Glazen- 
wood.” In 1850, he sent home from China 
a Rose with relatively large double white 
flowers supposed to be cross between the 
Banksian and Cherokee Roses and which 
was named Rosa Fortuneana. In 1886, 
the Wichuraiana Rose (R. Luciae) was 
introduced to Brussells from Japan. In 
1878, Prof. R. Smith sent from Japan to a 
Mr. Jenner in England a Rose which the 
recipient named “The Engineer” in com- 
pliment to the profession of its donor. In 
course of time thisRose came into possession 
of a nurseryman named Gilbert who ex- 
hibited some cut flowers of it under the 
above name in 1890, and received an Award 
of Merit from the Royal Horticultural 
Society. Soon afterward Messrs. Turner, 
of Slough purchased the stock and changed 
the name to “Crimson Rambler.” Now, 
thisRose is generally assumed to be a hybrid 
between Rosa multiflora and some Chinese 
Monthly Rose. To me this view is un- 
tenable. I do not think it has any Chinese 
Monthly blood in it at all. It has long 
been cultivated in China and I consider 
that, like the Seven Sisters Rose, it is a 
sport from the common, wild pink-flowered 
Chinese Rambler (R. multiflora f. catha- 
yensis). These various Chinese Roses were 
introduced from Chinese gardens where 
they have been cultivated from time im- 
memorial and their wild prototypes were 
not discovered, much less introduced, until 
comparatively recently. 
The true Rambler Rose ( R . multiflora) 
is a native of Japan and has single white 
flowers in large panicles. This was sent to 
Lyons, France, from Japan in 1862, by 
M. Coignet, an engineer. The pink flow- 
ered Chinese variety has only just been 
dignified by a distinctive name. In 1888, 
General Collett discovered, in the Shan 
Hills of Upper Burmah, a Rose with white, 
pale yellow or buff flowers six inches across 
and this was named Rosa gigantea. He 
introduced it to Europe and it thrives 
wonderfully in the Riviera but in England 
it flowers sparingly. This Rose is common 
in Yunnan, southwest China, and has 
given rise to a race of double flowered Roses 
which are cultivated for ornament by the 
Chinese in that region. This Giant Rose 
is very fragrant and I believe it to be the 
prototype and parent of the Tea-scented 
Roses long cultivated by the Chinese. 
The prototype of the Chinese Monthly 
Rose was first found growing wild in 1885, 
by A. Henry in the province of Hupeh, 
PARENTS OF THE PRINCIPAL GARDEN ROSES 
OF THE 19th — 20th CENTURIES 
R. chinensis CHINESE MONTHLY OR BENGAL Rose 
(Introduced from China or India to Holland, 1781) 
Derivatives: Cramoisie Superieure and others. 
R. chinensis x R. gallica = HYBRID CHINESE ROSES 
Such as General Jacqueminot, Paul Verdier, Fair Rosa- 
mund, Souvenir de Pierre Dupuy and others. 
R. chinensis x R. centifolia = ROSE EDWARD 
(Introduced from Isle of Bourbon to France about 
1819. 
Rose Edward x R. gallica := HYBRID BOURBON 
Roses. 
Such as Souvenir de la Malmaison, Souvenir de 
Mme. Auguste Charles, Yellow Malmaison and others. 
Hybrid Chinese and, or Hybrid Bourbon x R. 
damascena = HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES 
Such as Baroness Rothschild, Frau Karl Druschki, 
Louis Van Houtte, Mrs. John Laing, Victor Verdier, 
American Beauty, and many others. 
R. chinensis var. semperflorens CRIMSON CHINESE 
Monthly Rose 
(Introduced into England from China in 1789) 
R. chinensis var. minima FAIRY ROSE 
(Introduced to England from Mauritius in 1810) 
Derivatives: alba, Fairy, Red Pet, Retour du Prin- 
temps and others. 
This Rose is probably only a state of R. chinensis 
var. semperflorens. 
R. chinensis var. odoratissima Tea ROSE 
(Introduced from China to England in 1809) 
Derivatives: Niphetos, Catherine Mermet, Safrano 
Perle des Jardins, Maman Cochet, Rubens, Marechal 
Niel, Devoniensis, Bon Silene, The Bride, and many 
others. 
Tea Rose x Hybrid Perpetual — HYBRID TEAS 
Such as La France, Killarney, Belle Siebrecht, Caro- 
line Testout, Gruss an Teplitz, William F. Bennett, Mrs. 
Russell, Sunburst, Lady Hillingdon, The Hadley, Ophelia, 
Mrs. Aaron Ward, and many others. 
R. chinensis var. pseudoindica FORTUNE’S 
Double Yellow or Beauty of Glazenwood 
(I ntroduced from China to England in 1846) 
R. chinensis x R. moschata = NOISETTE ROSE 
(First cross raised in Charleston, S. C., in 1816) 
Derivatives: Lamarque, Aimee Vibert, William Allen 
Richardson, Solfaterre, Madame Carnot, Bouquet d’Or, 
and many others. 
R. chinensis x R. arvensis — ROSA RUGA 
R. chinensis x R. multiflora var. carnea— FELLENBERG 
(Raised about 1818 but not distributed until 1857) 
R. multiflora var. carnea Red POLYANTHA ROSE 
(Introduced from China to England in 1804) 
R. multiflora var. platyphylla SEVEN SISTERS ROSE 
(Introduced from China between 1815 and 1817) 
R. multiflora POLYANTHA ROSE 
(Introduced into France about 1862 from Japan) 
Crossed with other groups has given rise to Rose 
Mignonette, Rose Paquerette, and others. 
R. multiflora x General Jacqueminot = The 
Dawson Rose 
R. multiflora x Noisette — ROSA POLYANTHA 
Grandiflora 
R. Luciae WICHURAIANA ROSE 
(Introduced to Brussels from Japan about 1886) 
Crossed with other Roses has given rise to race known 
as Wichuraiana Hybrids, such as Dorothy Perkins, 
Hiawatha, Farquhar Rose, Excelsa, Lady Gay, and 
many others. 
R. Luciae x Tea Rose L’Ideale — ROSE Reni ANDRE 
R. anemonaeflora . ANEMONE FLOWERED ROSE 
(Introduced from China to England in 1844) 
R. bracteata MACARTNEY ROSE 
(Introduced from China to England in 1792) 
Derivatives: Victoire Modeste, Coccinea Rosea, 
Rubra-duplex. It has also been crossed with R. laevi- 
gata. 
R. gigantea GlANT Tea ROSE 
(Introduced into England from Upper Burmah in 1888) 
R. rugosa RlIGOSA ROSE 
(Introduced into England 1796, and has given rise 
to numerous varieties. 
Such as R. rugosa var. repens alba, Blanche de Cou- 
bert, and others. 
R. rugosa x R. Luciae — ROSA JACKSONI 
This was raised by Jackson Dawson and is one of the 
earliest Wichuraiana crosses. 
R. rugosa x R. chinensis = ROSA CaLOCARPA 
R. pendulina Alpine Rose 
R. pendulina x R. chinensis - BoURSAULT ROSES, 
Such as Old Red Boursault, Amadis, elegans. Blush 
Boursault, Calypso, inermis, and others raised early in 
the nineteenth century. 
R. laevigata CHEROKEE Rose 
Native of China but long since naturalized in warmer 
parts of U. S. A 
R. laevigata x Rosa chinensis — ROSE ANEMONE 
R. Banksiae Lady BANKS’ Rose 
(Introduced from China to England in 1807) 
R. Banksae x R. laevigata = Rosa FORTUNIANA 
(Introduced from China to England in 1850) 
R. Banksiae var. lutea . Double Yellow 
Banksian Rose 
(Introduced into England from China in 1824) 
R. Roxburghii .... . Small-Leaved Rose 
(Introduced to England and flowered for first time 
in 1824) 
R. Roxburghii x R. rugosa — ROSA MICRUGOSA 
R. foetida AUSTRIAN BRIAR 
Persian Yellow Rose brought from Persia to England 
in 1838 by Sir Henry Willock is probably a form of this 
with double flowers. 
Rose Persian Yellow x Rose H. P. Jean Ducher — 
Rose Soliel d’Or and Others 
R. foetida var. bicolor . . AUSTRIAN COPPER 
R. eglanteria SWEET BRIAR 
R. eglanteria x R. foetida var. bicolor —PENZANCE 
Briars 
