IO 
The Ohio Naturalist. 
[Vol. XIII, No. 1, 
where the break occurs become fastened together, making some¬ 
what irregularly shaped rings, some of these rings having little 
loops in them (Figs. 18b, 19). 
In other cases, after the break occurred, the ends of the loops 
did not fuse, but projected as free limbs (Fig. 19). There was a 
great deal of difference in the newly formed chromosomes. In 
the figures, all the chromosomes are shown in one plane as pro¬ 
jections, but under the microscope they were more easily disting¬ 
uished and the details could be more easily traced out by focusing. 
The large chromosomes in the middle of Figure 18 which overlap 
are figured separately to show their actual form; 18a being the 
one on top and 18b the one below (Figs. 18a, 18b). Figures 17, 
19, 18, 20, and 21, show the chromosome differences plainly; six 
are quite large, six small and two of intermediate size. The dif¬ 
ference in shape is well shown in Figures 19 and 20. In the 
earlier stages it can easily be seen that some of the chromosomes 
have not doubled up nor formed complete rings. Gradually all 
of them twist up tighter until most of the chromosomes appear 
as small irregular masses (Figs. 21, 22). The nuclear wall has 
practically disappeared by the time the chromosomes have fully 
contracted (Figs. 21, 22, 23). By this time, also, the sporocyte 
has rounded up and withdrawn from the neighboring cells. The 
cytoplasm appears spongy and, in most cases, is withdrawn from 
the cell wall. The nucleolus seems to disappear at about the 
time the nuclear membrane becomes indistinct. What becomes 
of it was not determined but in some cases nucleolus-like masses 
were seen in the cytoplasm. As will appear from the above 
description and consideration of the figures presented, it becomes 
evident that the details of chromosome formation in Fuchsia 
does not agree with that of Oenothera as described by Gates, 
Davis and Geertz. The loops are formed from a very slender 
spirem and no thickening into a chain of univalent chromosomes 
is apparent. The incipient loops before the separation occurs 
are quite distinct and these loops were followed through their 
development and gradual transformation until the fully formed 
bivalent chromosomes were present. Although the behavior of 
the spirem is somewhat different from that reported for Oenothera 
the final result is identical. The spirem breaks up apparently 
into chromosome pairs which, coming to lie side by side, by 
folding and twisting together are transformed into bivalents in 
the same manner as described by Gates. The bivalents are 
formed by an end to end fusion and subsequent folding of pairs 
of univalents. The number of chromosomes could be counted in 
ten or twelve preparations and each count was fourteen. Figures 
22 and 23 show the fully formed chromosomes before the forma¬ 
tion of the spindle. In Figure 22 one of the large chromosomes 
lies out separate from the rest and all except this large one are 
