46 
The Ohio Naturalist. 
[Vol. XIII, No. 2, 
Strophomena huronensis, Str. nutans, Str. neglecta, Sir. planumbona, 
Str. sulcata, Platystrophia clarksvillensis, Zygospira kentuckiensis, 
Helicotoma brocki, Spyroceras hammelli, and various gasteropods 
and lamellibranehs not as yet identified. A form closely allied to 
Zygospira kentuckiensis occurs in the fossiliferous horizons of the 
Queenstown shales in the area south of Georgian Bay. 
Among the various species beginning their range in that part 
of the Richmond section which underlies the Columnaria reef, but 
extending also above the latter, may be mentioned: Stromatoce- 
rium huronensis, Strephochetus richmondensis, Tetradium huron¬ 
ensis, Streptelasma rusticum, Columnaria alveolata, Calapoecia 
huronensis, Hebertella occidentalis, Rhynchotrema perlamellosa, 
Zygospira modesta, and various gasteropoda and pelecypoda not 
identified. 
That part of the Richmond section on Manitoulin which lies 
between the base of the Hebertella insculpta zone and the base of 
the rich Columnaria reef corresponds approximately to the upper 
part of the Waynesville bed, especially to that part to which 
the term Blanchester has been applied. 
D. Kagawong Beds, or Upper Richmond. 
Columnaria alveolata and Calapoecia huronensis have a consid¬ 
erable vertical range, but the horizon at w T hich they occur in 
sufficient abundance to form a conspicuous reef evidently is an 
important paleontological horizon, since it marks the disappear¬ 
ance of a considerable part of the underlying Richmond fauna. 
Moreover, it appears also to be at or above this horizon that 
Beatricea undulata, Columnaria calycina, and various thick-walled 
gasteropoda, such as Liospira helena, a large Bcllerophon. and a 
large Bucania or Salpingostoma come in. These species are 
apparently such forms as could stand rough waters. 
In general, the fauna in the strata immediately above the 
Columnaria reef appears to be a meager one. At least very few 
species have been listed from this zone excepting such forms as 
Hebertella occidentalis, Rhynchotrema perlamellosa, and Zygospira 
modesta, which appear to be able to survive under very adverse 
conditions. 
At one locality, on an east and west road three miles south of 
Little Current, Strophomena vetusta and Ceraurus ( Eccoptochile) 
meekanus occur just above this Columnaria reef. These fossils 
suggest the upper Liberty or the Whitewater age of the strata 
involved, while the great abundance of the Columnaria alveolata, 
and of Calapoecia huronensis, accompanied by Beatricea undulata, 
suggest the Saluda age of the same strata. In either case, the 
horizon is distinctly above that of the Waynesville of Ohio. 
Another conspicuous zone, between Gore Bay, Kagawong, 
Honora, and Little Current, is a Stromatocerium reef which usually 
is found between 25 and 30 feet above the Columnaria reef, but 
