Feb., 1913.] 
The Classification of Plants, VIII. 
7 i 
(b.) Plants with chlorophyll hidden by a brown, 
red, or purple pigment, always with a multi¬ 
cellular body and with sexuality. 
((a.)) Mostly marine brown algae with phy- 
cophaein; isogamous or heterogam- 
ous, with ciliated sperms, both 
gametes discharged from the gam- 
etangia. Phylum 5. Phaeophyta. 
((b.)) Mostly marine red algae with phy- 
coerythrin; heterogamous, with sta¬ 
tionary eggs and non-ciliated sperms. 
Phylum 6. Rhodophyta 
b. Filamentous, aquatic, green algae with globular 
antheridia containing sperm-bearing filaments, 
the sperms being biciliated; nonsexual spores 
absent. Phylum 7. Gharophyta. 
(2.) Plants without chlorophyll and with a true mycelium; 
sexual reproduction if present without motile sperms; 
sometimes with an alternation of generations. 
Phylum 8. Mycophyta. 
B. Plant body a solid aggregate, if filamentous, only so in the embryonic 
condition; ovary an archegonium, if a reduced archegonium then 
the plants seed-bearing; always with an antithetic alternation of 
generations in the normal life cycle. 
I. Without vascular tissue; sphorophyte parasitic on the gametophyte 
during its entire life; homosprous; small plants without roots or 
true leaves. Phylum 9. Bryophyta. 
II. Always with vascular tissue in the sporophyte which becomes an 
independent plant at maturity, with roots and leaves except in a 
few degenerate forms. 
1. Sporophyte not seed-producing, the sperms breaking out of 
the antherifdum to enter the necks of the archegonia; 
homosporous or heterosporous. 
a. Sperms comparatively large, multiciliate; the 
sporophylls not in cones unless the sporophytes 
have jointed stems and small whorled leaves, 
(a.) Stems not jointed, the leaves usually large 
and compound and spirally arranged, rarely 
in whorles; sporophylls never in cones. 
Phylum 10. Ptenophyta. 
(b.) Stems jointed and fluted, bearing small, 
whorled leaves; sporophylls in cones. 
Phylum 11. Calamophyta. 
b. Sperms small, biciliate; the leaves small and sim¬ 
ple, covering the continuous stem in spirals or 
sometimes opposite; sporophylls usually in cones 
or sometimes forming zones alternating with the 
sterile leaves. Phylum 12. Lepidophyta. 
2. Sporophyte producing seeds, the female gametophyte 
always parasitic in the megasporangium (ovule) during 
its entire life, the male gametophyte developing a pollen- 
tube through which the sperms are discharged; always 
heterosporous. 
a. Carpels (megasporophylls) open, without stigmas 
or true ovularies, the ovules and seeds naked and 
the pollen (male gametophytes) falling directly 
into the micropyle. 
