io8 
The Ohio Naturalist. 
IVol. XIII, No. 6. 
II. With dwarf branches. 
1. Dwarf branches persistent; leaves numerous, ordinary branches 
also with leaves. 
(1) . Leaves evergreen. Cedrus. Cedar. 
(2) . Leaves deciduous each year. 
a. Carpels persistent. Larix. Larch. 
b. Carpels deciduous. Pseudolarix. False Larch. 
2. Dwarf branches deciduous (self-pruned); leaves few; ordinary 
branches with scale leaves only. Pinus Pine. 
JUNIPERACE/E. 
1. Cones w'oody, at the ends of ordinary leafy branches. 
CUPRESSAT/E. 
(1) . Carpels imbricate, not shield-shaped. 
a. Carpels with 4-5 seeds. Thujopsis. 
b. Carpels with 1-3 (usually 2) seeds. 
(a) . Carpels 6-8, the four upper fertile. 
Thuja. Arborvitas. 
(b) . Carpels 4-6, the two upper fertile. Libocedrus. 
(2) . Carpels valvate, not shield-shaped. 
a. Carpellate cones with numerous sterile bracts at the 
base. Actinostrobus. 
b. Carpellate cones with the upper set of carpels seed¬ 
bearing, the lower sterile. Fitzroya. 
c. Carpellate cones with 4 carpels, without sterile bracts 
at the base. Callitris (including Widdringtonia). 
(3) . Carpels shield-shaped. 
a. Carpels with several seeds. Cupressus. Cypress. 
b. Carpels with 2 seeds. Chamaecyparis. White-cedar. 
2. Cones fleshy when mature, at the ends of short or axillary 
branches, juniperat^e. Juniperus. Juniper. 
PODOCARPACE.E. 
1. Seed more or less inverted, at least in the incipient stage. 
(1) . Both stamens and carpels in definite cones. 
a. Leaves flat, needle-shaped; carpels spirally arranged; 
monecious. Saxegothaea. 
b. Leaves opposite, scale-like appressed; carpels in whorls 
of 4; diecious. Microcachrys. 
(2) . Carpels 1 or few, not in a definite cone. 
a. Seed completely inverted, all the parts of the carpel 
grown together. Podocarpus. 
b. Seed only partly inverted, outer bract of the carpel not 
united with the seed. Dacrydium. 
2. Seed erect; leaves scale-like; shrubs. Pherosphaera. 
TAXACE/E. 
1. Carpel with 2 ovules. Cephalotaxus. 
2. Carpel reduced, ovule 1. 
a. Carpellate flowers two together; seed closely invested by 
the outer fleshy layer; matured female gametophyte 
grooved. Torreya. 
b. Carpellate flowers usually solitary; seed surrounded by a free 
aril; matured female gametophyte even. Taxus. Yew. 
