The Anatomy of Ants. By Sir John Lubbock, Bart. 131 
duodenum, though not so much so as in bees and wasps, where it 
forms a peculiar organ which I have never yet seen described. 
The duodenum is short and wide. The malpighian vessels open 
into the intestine between the duodenum and the ilium. The 
number varies according to the sex and species, from 4 to 40, the 
males often having fewer than the females. In the Myrmicidae, 
according to Meinert,* they never exceed six in number. 
The ilium is a narrow bent tube : the colon is again wider, and 
bears from three to twelve flattened, circular glands. The rectum 
is again narrower, and after a short, straight course opens into the 
cloaca. 
The male generative organs consist of the testes — short tubes 
— contained in a thin common membrane : of a short vas deferens, 
and two vesiculse seminales. 
In the female generative organs the ovaries consist of short 
egg-tubes varying in number from 6 to 45. In Myrmica the 
number varies from 12 to 20. In Formica they are more numerous. 
According to Leuckart F. rufa has from 100 to 120, but Meinert, 
whom I believe to be correct, only gives 45. F. fusca has from 20 
to 25 ; F. cunicularia about the same number. Leon Dufour,t 
indeed, says that Formica has only six egg-tubes, but I think he is 
perhaps speaking of the workers. The oviduct, to which is 
attached the seminal capsule, is quite short. 
To the cloaca are also attached the poison glands. 
After this short general description, the first point to which I 
should like to draw your attention are the curious organs 
(Plate CXCII., Fig. 6 ), first described, so far as I am aware, by 
Dr. J. B. Hicks in his excellent paper on the “ Antennas of Insects,” 
published in the 22nd volume of the ‘ Linnean Transactions ; ’ and, 
again, by Dr. Forel in his ‘ Fourmis de la Suisse.’ These organs 
seem to me to deserve more attention than they have yet received. 
Dr. Hicks, after describing the curious champagne cork-shaped sacs 
(Plate CXCII., Fig. 6 , c) which occur in the antennas of ants, and 
which resemble those in other allied insects, continues: “but, 
besides, there is another form of what seems to be the same struc- 
ture, and which has a rather less marked parallel in the antennae 
of Fronseus irritabilis (to be described next). There will be ob- 
served at N, fig. 1 bbb, a number of small closing-in membranes, 
of a diameter of 40 V 5 inch; behind each is a very small sac 
(Plate CXCII., Fig. 6 , s), leading to a long delicate tube (t), 
which, bending towards the base, dilates into an elongated sac ( w ), 
having its end inverted, as may be also seen in the larger sacs (see 
N, figs. 2 and 3 6 ). What their specific use may be, it is at 
present impossible to say; but, supposing these organs to be 
* ‘ Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skr.,’ 1861. 
f Loc. cit., pp. 408 and 482. 
