List of Plants which afford Raffhides, &c. By Prof. Gulliver. 145 
fourth edition of Professor Babington’s ‘ Manual of British Botany,’ 
and in most cases the orders only are given ; while, except a few 
common and excellent examples printed in italics, the list is con- 
fined to our native plants, and to these only the concluding remarks 
on the taxonomic value of raphides refer. Even as regards the 
British flora, this list of plants which afford crystals is neither 
complete nor always unexceptionable ; and though to go abroad 
might add much to the interest, it would extend the subject incon- 
veniently. 
I. Raphides. 
Balsam inace®. 
Onagrace®. 
Rubiace®. 
Trilliace®. 
Dioscoreace®. 
Orchidace®. 
Amaryllidace®. 
Asparagace®. 
Liliace® (part of). 
Typhace®. 
Arace® (part of). 
Lemnace® (except Wolffia). 
Vitacece. 
Squill-bulb ( Urginea). 
Hyclrangia. 
Veratrum. 
IT. SPH.£ RAPHIDES, 
Caryophyllace®. 
Geraniace®. 
Oxalidace®. 
Celastrace®. 
Rhamnaee®. 
Myriophyllum. 
Paronychiace®. 
Viburnum lantana. 
Chenopodiace® (part of). 
Mercurialis annua. 
Polygonace® (part of). 
Rhubarb. 
Aralia spinosa. 
Urticace®. 
Tofieldia. 
Passifloracece. 
Pulp of Pear. 
Cuctacece. 
Tetragonia expansa . 
Veratrum. 
III. Long Crystal 
Inulc®. 
Serratula. 
Centaure®. 
Carduine®. 
Silybum. 
Iridace®. 
IV. Short Prismatic 
Arctium intermedium. 
Centaurea scabiosa. 
Cichorium intybus. 
Crepis virens. 
Crepis biennis. 
, Prisms. 
Sweet Orris. 
Fourcroya gigantia. 
Guaiacum bark. 
Quillaja bark. 
Bulb-scales of Onion , Shallot, Garlick, 
and Leek. 
Crystals. 
Tiliace®. 
Acerace®. 
Leguminos®. 
Amentifer®. 
Testa of Anagallis. 
Kemarks. 
I. Raphides afford such valuable natural characters that they 
must be adopted sooner or later in systematic botany. All the 
species of the first three orders in this list contain an abundance of 
raphides, and these three are the only orders of British Exogens so 
characterized. This may be a more fundamental and universal 
