The Garden Magazine, May, 1920 
195 
two-edged nut which is 
smooth and rather thin- 
shelled. In Japan there 
are two well-marked 
forms of the type, and 
intermediate ones which 
connect it with the par- 
ent species J.Sieboldiana. 
Raised from seed var. cor- 
diformis cannot be de- 
pended upon to come 
true, for many revert to 
the wild type. 
The American Black 
Walnut (J. regia) is a 
magnificent tree produc- 
ing valuable timber, but 
its nut is small, has a 
very hard shell and is of 
little economic value. 
The Texan Walnut (J. 
rupestris) is a tree of 
moderate size and bears 
small nuts of no particu- 
lar use. The two Cali- 
fornian Walnuts (J.cali- 
fornica and J. Hindsii) 
are large trees but the 
fruits are poor. The 
Formosan species (J. for- 
mosana) is a large tree 
but the fruit is small 
and, moreover, the plant 
will be hardy only in the 
warmer parts of this 
country. It is growing 
in the greenhouses of the 
Arnold Arboretum from 
seeds 1 gathered in 1918. 
T HE other species of 
Juglans in our pur- 
view are best classed as 
Butternuts, and the best 
known and most valua- 
ble is the American J. 
cinerea. This is a tree 
occasionally 100 feet tall 
and 10 feet in girth of 
trunk, with a broad, 
round-topped crown. It 
is distributed in eastern 
North America from the 
valley of the St. Law- 
rence River southward, 
the Black Walnut as 
tury. 1 he ovate, pointed 8-ribbed nut has a thick shell 
but the flesh within is sweet. The Chinese J. cathayensis is 
a bush or slender tree with a small, very rough nut of no 
particular value. It has not proved very hardy in the Arnold 
Arboretum. 1 introduced it first to England in 1903 and to this 
country in 1908. I he Manchurian J. mandshurica rivals the 
American Butternut in size and the nut shows a decided ap- 
proach to the true Walnuts. The shell is very thick and the 
flesh limited in quantity. It is a common tree in the forests of 
Korea and is very hardy. The little known J. stenocarpa of 
Russian Manchuria is a form of J. mandshurica. 
Having dealt with all the species of Juglans within our pro- 
vince it remains to say a word or two about the hybrids — though 
none of these are valuable for their nuts. A supposed hybrid 
between the American J. nigra and J. cinerea was described as 
long ago as 1857 from a 
tree in the Botanic Gar- 
den at Marburg in Ger- 
many. Burbank claims 
to have raised a hybrid, 
which he calls “ Royal,” 
between J. nigra and J. 
californica. The other 
hybrids — there are sev- 
eral — are between the 
European Walnut (J. re- 
gia) and the American 
species. The oldest of 
these is a cross between 
J. regia and J. nigra, 
known as J. Vilmorini- 
ana. This originated at 
Verrieres les Buisson, 
near Paris, about 1803. 
The original tree is now 
nearly 100 feet tall and 
10 feet in girth; in bark, 
branches and buds it is 
intermediate, but in 
habit and nut it resem- 
bles the Black Walnut. 
Another hybrid of the 
same parentage is J. py- 
riformis which has pear- 
shaped fruits. 
The reverse cross, J. 
nigra with J. regia, has 
been named J. interme- 
dia. Of this there is 
on Rowes Farm, James 
River, opposite Lower 
Brandon, Virginia, a 
magnificent specimen 
which must rank with 
the largest Walnut trees 
known; the trunk at 2 
feet from the ground 
measures more than 31 
feet and at a height of 
6J feet, 25 feet in girth. 
The spread of branches 
is enormous, but the 
height 1 have not been 
able to ascertain. In the 
neighborhood of Boston, 
Mass., a number of trees 
of J. regia x J. cinerea 
are known, the name for 
which is J. alata. In 
California are grown several hybrids between J. regia and J. 
Hindsii; one of these which Burbank claims to have originated 
is named “Paradox.” I know nothing about the value of the 
nuts. All these hybrid Walnuts are fast growing, handsome 
trees, and like the species the wood of all is valuable. However, 
for nuts the breeder will do well to stick to the Eurasian and 
the Japanese species and their varieties. 
HE most famous and oldest cultivated nut tree native of 
this country is of course the Pecan (Carya pecan) which 
grows wild in western Mississippi, in parts of Louisiana, Okla- 
homa and Texas. The latest authorities consider that it was 
planted by the Indians in the Mississippi Valley and elsewhere 
and it is therefore not easy to determine the natural distribution 
of this tree. The Caryas are among the noblest trees of North 
America and furnish tough and valuable timber. Up till quite 
recently the genus has been considered peculiarly North Amer- 
THE CHINESE HAZEL IS A TREE 120 FEET HIGH 
Suggesting the possibility of increasing the size of 
the bushes that give us the Filberts of commerce 
It was introduced to England with 
long ago as the middle of the 17th cen- 
