26 
The Garden Magazine, September, 1920 
covering them. Having reached their full 
size as caterpillars, the next step is to hunt 
a winter abiding place, which may be in 
the crotch of a tree; under loose bark, or 
in a hollow, rotten place in the trunk; in 
fence corners; or even just under the soil. 
Here each spins its cocoon, a flimsy thing 
which includes the hairs from its own body. 
The crysalis or pupa is dark brown 
and about a half-inch long. Fortun- 
ately, there is a small parasitic insect 
which holds the fall web-worm fairly in 
check, but still it does considerable 
damage in some orchards. 
Like the fall web-worm the red- 
humped caterpillar and the yellow- 
necked caterpillar pass the winter in 
cocyons in the soil and from there 
emerge in the summer as adults, mat- 
ing and egg-laying commencing almost 
at once. Eggs are laid in masses of 
seventy-five to a hundred, near the ends 
of the [branches; and the young which 
soon emerge commence feeding on the 
under side , of the leaves. Later, as 
they grow larger, the whole leaf except 
the midrib is consumed; this seems to 
be too tough for them. 
The Yellow-necked Caterpillar 
W HEN the yellow-necked cater- 
pillar attains its full size, it is 
about two inches long and has a jet 
body, and a peculiarity of this insect 
is that when the branch he is on is 
disturbed, he holds on by the middle 
four pairs of legs and throws his head 
and tail up into the air with a jerk, in 
which position he remains until he 
thinks it safe to resume his normal 
position and feed. 
The Red-humped Caterpillar 
T HE RED-HUMPED caterpillar 
when full grown is about one and 
one-half inches long, hairless, with a 
Moth and 
egg mass 
THE FALL WEB- WORM 
Distinguished from the tent caterpillar 
of spring by the fact that it spins its 
web near the ends of branches, this will 
fairly enclose a whole tree if not checked 
Tips and whole branches ‘‘webbed ” 
coral red hump on the fourth segment 
of the body, which is a sort of com- 
bination reddish with yellowish-white 
lines alternating with black or brown- 
ish ones. I have found these two cater- 
pillars most frequently upon the Apple, 
but they also feed upon Pear, Plum, 
Cherry, Quince, Linden, Walnut, Hick- 
ory, Oak, Chestnut, Beech and other 
forest trees. The red-humped cater- 
pillar is a more general feeder than 
the yellow-necked. 
The Hickory Tussock Moth 
I N MY vicinity — Allegheny County, 
Penna. — the Hickory trees are fast 
disappearing. Whether that fact has 
any bearing on the abundance of the 
Hickory tussock moth on the Apple 
trees of the region I am not prepared 
to say. But about the middle of July 
1 find the small dirty-white caterpillars 
on Apple foliage. 
All these insects can be easily held in 
check by spraying with arsenate of 
lead paste, using three pounds to fifty 
gallons of water (one ounce 
to one gallon). This spray- 
ing will be most effective 
if made about eight weeks ft 
after the falling of the 
blossoms. ; 
HICKORY TIGER-MOTH EGG MASS, 
SWARMING LARVAE AND COCOON 
The eggs, deposited on the underside of leaves, are shining 
turquoise blue at first turning to olive-brown and lastly 
leaden blue, and the larvae, which are about one-sixteenth 
of an inch long, hatch in 1 5 to 16 days; growing to an inch 
and a half in length they then spin their cocoon (at the right) 
jn which transformation to pupae occurs in 7 to 8 days 
