The Garden Magazine, April, 1921 
107 
been described in this remarkable group, and the three following 
are of real interest. C. Beckiana is a small tree or arborescent 
shrub about eighteen feet tall, with spreading and ascending 
branches forming a round-topped head, with dark green leaves 
broadly ovate. The ten-stamened flowers with dark rose-col- 
ored anthers are borne profusely on large corymbs. The sub- 
globose lustrous crimson fruits, in large drooping clusters, ripen 
early in September and are remarkably showy until the end of 
October. C. ferentaria is an intricately branching, arborescent, 
tall shrub sometimes attaining a height of fifteen feet. The 
leaves are oval to ovate, coriaceous and deep green. The 
flowers, with ten stamens and cream-white anthers, are borne 
in numerous large corymbs. The showy drooping clusters of 
crimson, roundish fruits ripen about the middle of September, 
and are conspicuous until the end of October. C. succulenta 
becomes a tree from twenty to twenty-two feet, with a trunk 
occasionally four to six feet high, and ascending branches form- 
ing an open head. The elliptical leaves are coriaceous and deep 
green above. The twenty stamened flowers with deep, rosy- 
red, small anthers, are produced in profuse clusters. The glo- 
bose, bright scarlet fruits, on many fruited clusters ripen about 
the middle of September and are highly ornamental until the 
first of November. 
The North American Crataegus are nearly always found 
growing in native conditions in heavy limestone clay. In 
the vicinity of Buffalo, Niagara Falls, and on both sides of the 
Niagara River where much of the soil is heavy tenacious lime- 
stone clay, there are numerous species, and immense colonies of 
individuals. With the exception of some of the Virides species 
they do not like stagnant water at their roots, and will soon 
show a sickly appearance if planted in, or if the land in which 
they are naturally growing accidentally assumes, such a con- 
dition. 
In a section of the Arnold Arboretum known as Peter’s Hill, 
a large area is devoted to a plantation of Crataegus species in 
which nearly all of the known species of North America with 
the exception of those in the extreme south are represented. 
They are all planted in natural groups. The ground slopes to 
the roadway; and as they gradually grow into adult size and 
exhibit with advancing years their flowers, fruits, and habits, 
they will be of much educational interest, inasmuch as it is 
a fact that the history of every individual is known. So 
far about four hundred species have flowered in this collec- 
tion. 
In Genesee Valley Park, Rochester, N. Y. more than twelve 
acres are planted with a collection of American Hawthorns 
of which probably four-fifths were procured from the Arnold 
Arboretum, and the others were raised by the Park Depart- 
ment. In the extent or area given up to a plantation of Haw- 
thorns, this probably is the largest in the world. 
GROWING EASTER LILIES 
IN THE HARDY GARDEN' 
DAVIS GRIFFITHS 
Horticulturist, Office of Horticultural and Pomological Investigations Bureau of Plant Industry U. S. Dept, of Agriculture 
ryiTJ H E Easter Lily of to-day, associated in the popular mind 
ITS * J t ^ ie frosttess Bermudas, was largely produced in 
i|| '|g those Islands until recent years. This circumstance 
probably more than any other is accountable for the 
almost universal conception that a frostless region is essential 
for its production and culture. This notion of tenderness has been 
still further strengthened by the fact that in ornamental and 
other plantings in the Gulf States the Lily is often badly in- 
jured and often all but killed outright by the occasional hard 
freezes to which the region is subjected. 
But at the same time it is said that some of the varieties of 
Lilium longiflorum are grown in Japan in a rigorous climate 
which has a heavy snowfall, substantiating the view that like 
almost all the Lilies, this one should be listed with the hardy 
herbaceous Perennials. 
Experiments conducted at Arlington Farm, near Washing- 
ton, D. C., during the last few years have proven beyond any 
doubt that the Easter Lily can be grown, and stocks for forcing 
and bedding can be produced to perfection in our climate. 
Not only this, but it is more than probable that this climate is 
actually better adapted to the production of this Lily than a 
warmer one and it is likely that, as time goes on, the stocks 
produced in these northern climates will be found much more 
free from disease than those grown in a warmer region. 
Its Proven Hardness 
] OT only is this Lily hardy under a method of handling 
l\| which keeps it dormant during the winter (which is the 
main feature in its culture in the North), but it withstands and 
actually thrives under tremendous punishment by cold weather 
when in full vegetative vigor. It has stood 4 degrees of frost 
in full blossom without permanent injury; and seedlings set 
shallow and in full vegetative vigor, subjected to a temperature 
of 1 5 degrees one night before being removed from the 
field for forcing, still recovered and were in blossom from the 
same crowns 4 months later in the greenhouse. 
The Easter Lily has the quickest action of any member of the 
genus. Some of its strains can be flowered from seed in 6J to 7 
months, which is only a little longer time than is required to 
force imported bulbs; and when once mature bulbs have been 
produced from seed their increase will average 6 or 8 to a bulb 
each year. 
Rapidity of Increase 
I N TH E matter of seed production it is also a great doer. 1 1 is 
not at all unusual for a single plant to produce a thousand 
seed or more in months from pollination. If properly handled, 
all of these will grow into flowering plants again in 7 to 16 
months, and at the same time bulbs of good commercial quality 
will be developed. 
The Lily is likewise remarkably prolific of reproduction. 
The grower of bulbs for sale can easily get 6 or 8 bulblets for 
each bulb planted, and 25 to 50 per cent, of them will be large 
enough to force with one year’s growth. Imported bulbs 
commonly used for forcing, average 6 to 13 inches in circum- 
ference, and if he gets 3 to 5 flowers to the plant, the grower is 
satisfied. Home-grown bulbs perform much better than this: 
they average more than 5 flowers to the plant from bulbs only 
