In tho ^roat wheat arenas of the Pl.ains States Melannylus noxicanus Sauss. 
wan ty far the nost ini:ortant species. In area? of greatei' rainfall, s'uch as tho 
Corn Selt; '.vhero fariv.ing is laore diveisif ied, other sjecios such as M, different i- 
alig Thoso, M» hivittat-us. Say, and M, f Gniir-rnuru:! Deg, , oqiialed or o-utn-uj-ihcrod 
Mo nexicanus in nany places. Oamj iula pel lucid a Sciidd, V'jas dominant in :.orthern 
Michigfin and Wisconsin and in pares of Oregon and California, In many parts of 
tho area M, paokardii Scud/I. was also recorded as "being nianorous and i'-iportnnt, 
M, different i al is ".'as doninant, for tho fir^t tine in history, in a part of 
Montana, nanclv, in Richland County, in the eastern part of the State. Before 
1932 there had "been no record of this species in tho StatOo It spread frcn the 
southvjcs torn quarter of North Dnkota, east of the Eadlands, where it w.as numerous 
in 193lj 1932, and 1933t ^'^^"^ appeared for tho firnt tine no-r^r Glondive, Mont# 
Another inportant feature of the outhreaks, during- tho last U yenrs, v;as 
the increase in nunhers and importance of M el-anoplt^s f enur^ruhru m in practically 
all of the Statos and tho development of a specific area of this rpecies cnhracing 
north~contral nud. ncrtheartorn Iowa, r outh-central and southeastern Minnesota, 
the souohorn half of VJisccnsin, and part of northern Illinois, The most spectac- 
ular and puhlicized .affair was the groat outhroak of Dissosteir a lon giponnis . 
which included all of southe,'istern Colorado, the extreme western part of Kansas, 
the Pai:.handlc of Oklahoma, the northwestern counties of the Panhandle of Texas, 
and the extro-no northeastern counties of iTew Mexico, 
There was some hatching of Me Ian o plus r.c xicanus and M. "bivitta tus. "before 
May 1 rijid in southern 'Arizona as early as Po"bruary 13^ In many localities spring 
rains and cool weather delayed Latching from 2 to 3 ^.'^oeks, M elo.nopl u.s diff orenti- 
a,l is and M, femur- r\ iD rum were from 2 to 3 ''^eeks later in hatching than woro M, 
ao^icanus and M. hivittatr ig . Over the entire area there were many places v;here 
the hatching of fall e.^:gs of several species was prolonged up to the middle of 
July and tho first of August, Disf o steira Ion ciponnis in Colorado and elsevjhere 
started hatching the second ?;00k in Ivti^'-, Late hatching of some apecies in parts 
of the area delayed the necessity of control work imtil the latter part of July, 
This v;as cau'^ed hy cool, rainy weather throughout June md x;art of July, ITincty 
percent of the poisoned "bolt used in Minnesota was distri'buted after July 26, 
Over the entire sjrec. these er.rly rains dola;,'ed grrisshoijper activity, 
A nympLal sui'voy in May and Jur^e showed nowly hatched nymphs to he congre~ 
gated in restricted .areas. On th 3 r;ange in Colorado the third v;eok of May 
Sissosteira lon<ipennis wps o"bserved in "bands covering from Uo to 320 acres, and 
from 50 to per square foot. These wore in the first instar and were already 
migrating and spreading. If scattered over from 10 to 100 times their original 
hatching areas the population wotild still have heen 5-' 1""'^ square yard, v/hich is 
a very heavj;- infestation. One concentrated "b.and o"bserved at- this time, if spi'oad 
over an area of 50 square m.iles , Y/ould have populated it at tho rate of ^0 per 
square yard. 
In tho last week of May hea'/jr concentrations of Mclanoplus mexicanus and 
M, hivittatus , occurred in alfalfa, pasture, drav:s, creek "bottoms, stuh'Dle, and 
field margins. Some of thece concentrations ranged from 3^0 to 500 hoppers per 
sqiiare yard. At that time there had "been no general movement of these species to 
other crops from, the breeding grounds. In, South Dnkota only 1 out of 5' "to 10 
■fA.^-\fl^ ^^^v, H^.T-on irrnc^ r-t first involved, "because the infestations wore spotted. 
