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Nebraska M. H. Swenk (June 14-50): The last cycp of Hessian fly 
damage in Nebraska bad been in the winter wheat crops of 
1921-22 to 1925-26, reaching its crest in that' of 1922-23, 
no commercial damage occurring in the winter wheat crops of 
1926-27, 1927-28, or 1928-29. After the 19?9 harvest, however, 
scattered and mostly light local infestations of the stubble 
with Hessian fly puparia were to be found, and a fall brood 
of some strength was found to be active during. the month of 
September, presenting much more evidence of the presence of 
this pest than there had been during any of the preceding 
three autumns. Pvring October, 1929, the fly was found to 
be present in 22 counties in southeastern Nebraska, and in 
several of them very threateningly. The infested area 
included solidly all of the counties south of the Platte 
River and west to Polk, York, Fillmore,, and Thayer Counties, 
with an extension- southwestward along the Platte that in- 
volved most of Merrick and Hall Counties, and parts of 
Hamilton, Adams, and Kearney Counties. In areas that 
liinvolved central Cass and Otoe Counties, Nemaha County, western 
Richardson County, Pawnee County, central Cage, Jefferson, and 
Thayer Counties, southern Seward, eastern York, southern 
Polk, - . i\ eastern derrick, southwestern Hall, 
^nd southern Kearney Counties, there was an infestation 
of from 5 to 30 per cent of the wheat plants in the early- 
sown fields, and an infestation of from 60 to 80 per cent 
in the volunteer wheat. Outside of these areas the in- 
festation ran less than 5 per cent in the early-sown wheat. 
Dcrn-ge to early-sown fields began to show up nbout October 1, 
end numerous reports of injured fields were received during 
November. 
Emergence of the spring brood of the HeFsian fly started 
early in April, and reached its height about the middle of 
that month. The effects of the development of a heavy spring 
brood of larvae began to be evident ir/che early-sown fields 
about the middle of May, and were exceedingly apparent during 
the last 10 days in May. The area most heavily infested and 
injured included a block of counties centering around Lancaster 
County, and in this area there was considerable plowing up 
of badly injured or ruined wheat fields from May 20 to June 1. 
More accurately outlined, this area in which fields were 
plowed up during late May included Lancaster, S a unders, Cass, 
Otoe, Johnson, western Nemaha, northern Pawnee, Gage, Northern 
Jefferson, extreme northeastern Thayer, Saline, extreme eastern 
Fillmore, Seward, and most of Butler Counties, with an isolated 
area in southern Merrick and western Hamilton Counties. In 
this area the general infestation ran from 75 to 100 per cent. 
An area of nearly equally general infestation, but in which 
the damage was not so heavy as to necessitate plowing up of 
fields, occurred in southern Jefferson, eastern Thayer, central 
Fillmore, southeastern Dodge, and southern Washington Counties. 
An area of infestation of from 50 tc 75 per cent occurred in 
southern Polk, eastern Hamilton, and northern Y«rk Counties. 
