spring, so that the seed stalk will not be prevented from normal 
development. 
Early in the spring, these cabbage plants are set quite deeply in 
rows three feet apart and two feet apart in the row. Clean cultiva- 
tion is given and along in early summer, when the pods turn yellow, 
but before they are dry, the seed stalks are cut off, and are removed 
to cover, where they must dry quickly. The seed is easily separated 
from the chaff. 
The seed will retain its vitahty five years. 
Production of Carrot Seed 
The best method is to make the selection in the fall from a late 
sown piece of carrots so that yoimg, healthy roots will be obtained. 
Uniformity of shape and color are very desirable features. Break off 
the tops so as not to injure the crown, and store in the ground out of 
reach of freezing, until the next April. Then set the carrots out in 
rows three feet apart and eighteen inches apart in the row, having the 
crown of the root level with the surface of the ground. Cultivate 
frequently to keep down weeds. The seeds are produced in flat clusters 
at the extremities of the branches and ripen unevenly. When each 
cluster of seed changes to a brown color, and the branches commence 
to dry, the heads must be cut off with a pair of shears, spread out in a 
place to thoroughly dry, after which the seed may be rubbed off of the 
clusters by hand. Rub the seed through a small sieve to remove the 
coarse material and tiny sticks from it. 
Carrot seed retains its vitahty two years. 
Production of Celery Seed 
The selection of celery plants for seed production is made later in 
the fall, at the time of trenching. The plants selected must be vigor- 
ous growers and entirely free from disease; they should have aU of the 
fine quahties desired, such as large, well colored foUage, short, stocky, 
and sohd stems, with a well filled heart. 
The selected plants, when taken from the trench in February or 
March, are trimmed by breaking off all of the outside suckers and 
cutting away about two-fifths (2/5) of the tops and roots. They are 
then transplanted into the cold frames and allowed to grow slowly; 
the frames being ventilated as weather permits. In very cold weather, 
one or two layers of mats may be necessary to keep out the frost. 
As the weather becomes warmer in the spring, the mats and glass 
are gradually removed as weather permits, until the sashes are left 
off entirely, when the plants will send up their seed branches. The seed 
