scale, white-red spider, etc. Be careful to use this strength only 
while trees are dormant. For plants in foliage, i}4 gal. to 50 gal. water. 
In the last Bulletin advice was given for the treatment of (A) 
Biting and chewing insects. (B) Sucking insects. It may interest 
readers to know a few of each: 
Biting and Biting insects: Beetles (both adult and larva stages), grasshoppers 
Chewing a^^ crickets, caterpillars, saw-flies, pear slugs (adult and larva stages, 
Insects bees, etc. These can be killed by poisons taken into the stomach, of 
which there are arsenical poisons, hellebore, alkaloid poisons. 
Sucking insects: Plant lice, scale insects, leaf hoppers and all true 
bugs. These must be killed by contact sprays, which have corroding 
action, and which penetrate into the breathing pores. Some of these 
are lime sulphur, oil emulsions, nicotine solution, caustic soda, carboUc 
acid poisons, pyrethreum, resin washes, sulphur sprays. 
Both types of insect may be killed by fumigants, hydrocyanic 
acid gas, carbon disulphide, sulphur dioxide. These must be used 
with great care as they are deadly poisons and are dangerous for 
humans to inhale as well. 
The adult form of the wire worm is the famiUar "chck beetle" 
(firefly). The adult form of that fat white grub, which we find at the 
roots of our most prized plants, is the common buzzing flapping 
"June bug." Both these beetles have similar histories, their larval 
stage continuing for from three to five years during which time they 
remain underground. For small areas the use of carbon bisulphide 
put into a hole which is immediately afterwards stopped up, has been 
advised. For fields, plow late in the summer to expose larva and break 
up cells. It is also suggested not to raise a grass crop more than one 
season, where the soil is infested with wire worms and white grubs. 
Aphis For Crataegus, 
» Pyrus 
Prunes 
Maple 
Currant 
{one pound of 
whale oil soap 
to 8 gal. water 
For rose aphis reduce strength — i lb. of soap to 10-12 gal. water. 
For Roses Dissolve }^ lb. finely shaved whale oil soap in one qt. of boiling 
water. Add two quarts of kerosene and churn with bicycle pump 
(or egg-beater) till it becomes creamy white. Reduce with fifteen 
38 
