Planting Above all plant well — make a large hole, use good soil and 
plenty of fertilizer. As a rule the space close to the house walls 
is of poor earth rammed down and saturated with lime from the 
stone foundations — this must he removed entirely. If you are 
forced to plant where the soil is permeated with the roots of 
trees or shrubs, sink a bottomless half barrel and fill with good 
compost — this gives the vine time to establish itself before com- 
peting with the other roots. Set your vine rather well out from 
the wall, and lead it back with string or stake until it is attached 
— young vines make a better start if they have a helping hand. 
Care I n the winter put a forkful of manure mulch over the roots 
and work it in next spring. Vines should be regularly nour- 
ished — bone meal in the spring and liquid manure during the 
summer, or just before flowering. During dry weather where 
vines are on walls or under wide eaves they should be given reg- 
ular and thorough soakings, followed by top dressing or liquid 
manure, as the water washes the fertilizer into the sub soil. 
Young Wistaria will eventually do better if laid down and pro- 
tected during the first winter. Clematis should have its lower 
stems shielded from the direct rays of the sun, especially when 
newly planted, this can be accomplished by placing back of low 
shrubs. As Ivy draws moisture from the walls, the best time 
for its annual clipping is just before the young leaves start, and 
all loose ends should be cut off in the fall, so that ice and snow 
will not tear them further. Ampelopsis is apt to color more 
beautifully in a dry than a rich soil. Eoses will mildew on a 
wall but not on a trellis where there is free circulation of air. 
Watch Euonymous for scale and use the lime sulphur solution 
early in the season, and whale oil soap later if necessary. 
Darwin divided the climbing plants ("Movements and Hab- 
its of Climbing Plants") into four classes. "First those 
that move spirally around a support and are not aided by any 
other movement. Second, those endowed with irritable organs, 
which when they touch clasp it ; each organ consisting of modified 
leaves, branches, or flower pedieules. But these two classes some- 
times graduate to a certain extent into one another. Plants of 
the third class ascend merely by aid of hooks; and those of the 
fourth by rootlets." 
The vines attached by rootlets or suckers are not many — 
Iledera Helix (English Ivy), with its small dark green leaves 
is fairly hardy, though it is browned by ice, and occasionally 
killed back, we plant it because there is nothing more beautiful. 
Iledera Colchica dentata is the largest leaved variety and has a 
variegated form with a white margin, and Lee's Silver has 
markedly white veins. H. arborescens (Tree Ivy) has colored 
berries in winter, and H. conglomerata will not climb, but its 
compact growth is useful for covering rocks. H. Canariensis 
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