hundred years before the Challenger expedition. He was 
always the gentle, kindly Quaker. He set his Negroes free, paid 
them £18 a year wages, taught them to read and write, sat 
with them at table and took them to Quaker meeting. The grave 
of one, his faithful steward and man of business, is in his 
master's garden. 
The John Bartram Association publishes a charming 
monograph, largely quoted here ; it contains a plan of the garden 
by which the forty or more remaining specimens may be 
identified. Nothing can be said here that has not already been 
said and better said, but who can tell what inspiration he has 
given to those who have come after. 
In all quarters of the globe where Botany is studied, John 
Bartram and his garden are known and his fame endures. 
Ernestine Goodman. 
'Charlotte R. Toland. 
*(It fell in a storm last summer. John Bartram had brought this, 
young tree in his saddle bags from Kent County, Delaware. A companion 
tree planted at the same time and sent to London, is said to" be still alive 
at Mill Hill.) 
Spring Gardens 
Before summer is fairly over we should begin making 
plans for the spring gardens of the next year. It may not be- 
easy in the torrid days of late June and July when everything 
out-of-doors is flagging in the heat, to look forward to the first 
Snowdrops, but if we wait until the leaves begin to color in 
autumn it will be too late to get the best bulbs from the growers, 
in Holland. And when, after much cogitation, we order a 
particular Tulip of the exact color we want for a certain place, 
we stand few chances of getting what we have set our hearts 
upon; therefore, as is usual in gardening, we must begin our 
preparations at a time which anyone who is not a gardener 
would consider foolishly early. 
Let us say that the owner of a place has made up his mind, 
or that his wife has made it up for him, that his pleasure grounds, 
would be improved by a spring garden. If the property is a 
large one perhaps a southerly slope can be found, protected from 
the blasting north winds of early spring, a spot which may be 
given over to spring flowers and where summer or autumn effects 
will not have to be considered. A comparatively small piece of 
ground can be made effective by careful planting and the up- 
keep of the informal spring garden is a very small item. If a 
sheltered acre, protected on the north by woodland, can be 
handed over to the enthusiast, he may begin by making a blend- 
ing plantation of spring-flowering trees to protect the smaller 
Natural- shrubs and bulbs. 
istic Undoubtedly the most effective planting for a spring garden 
Planting of this sort is the informal or naturalistic. Take as a model the 
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