Candidums Candidums should make a good growth of leaves before frost 
so must go in at a time when it is always inconvenient to dig 
up the beds. It has always been niy custom to plant them late 
in August, but this year I was unable to get the bulbs at that 
time and when remonstrating with the nurseryman (Elliott of 
Pittsburgh) was informed that every year they plant some 
twenty thousand Candidums in November, even as late as the 
15th, with perfectly satisfactory results. It is safer to set the 
bulbs in sand, to keep the earth and manure away and to let 
the earnest digger know when to "keep off." Dust them well 
with powdered sulphur, for the scales are so open and loose that 
water may stand between and cause decay; set them six inches 
deep (this includes the sand layer) and hope for the best with 
all your might. There is nothing so hard to grow and nothing 
that so repays you. 
Owing to the late delivery of the bulbs last fall I was enabled 
to try an experiment that I can heartily recommend. My Lilies 
arrived with' the Tulips — and after I had planted the Lilies and 
covered them over with the sand I placed early Tulips "in the wide 
spaces between them. The effect this spring was most 
satisfactory, the Lilies coming up over the fading Tulip foliage 
and showing better for the space they had about them. In the 
spring it is well to work in a little bone flour and the Madonna 
likes a bit of lime. The Peach-leaved Bell-flower (Campanula 
persicifolia) will also winter better if a handful of air-slacked 
lime is thrown on each plant in the late fall and washed down — 
much as the human family enjoy a night-cap before retiring. 
j RIC . Iris make their flower growth in the fall if the plant is 
vigorous and should be well watered when the young shoots 
show. There are only two times when this plant craves water — 
in the fall with the new start after their summer rest (and 
Nature with her late rains usually attends to this) and just 
before the buds break. Should you receive late deliveries of 
expensive varieties it is much better to carry them over in a 
large pot in a frame or house. Iris should be carefully gone 
over to see that there is no rot or borer. If there is rot, the 
infected portions should be cut away and the rhizome dipped in 
formaldehyde before re-setting. The borer (Macronoctua 
onusia) must be dug out by hand and the ground searched for 
the pupae. Cover with salt hay, weighing it down with boards 
or sticks; never use manure. If you want to move Iris in the 
spring or fall there is no reason why it should not be done, 
though the "classical" time is when they are dormant in July 
and August. Make Iris beds at least 18 inches deep and verv 
rich, as they develop roots of great length. Do not put the 
rhizomes too far underground; they should have sun. 
Peonies Peonies should be set out through October to November 15, 
with three or four feet of space between them, in holes that are 
two feet deep with six inches of manure and rich soil on that. 
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