there is a variety of the virginiana called bedfordiana, and I am 
praying- that some day I may be able to discover it in the town- 
ship of Bedford. 
Our varieties thrive best in sand and loam and a moderately 
moist soil, but grow well even in rather rocky and gravelly 
ground. They prefer sunny, open situations, and love hillsides. 
What I am saying in regard to the habits of Cedars, the time 
for transplanting them and how to transplant them, etc., is 
based on my own observation and study of the trees themselves, 
and my own practical experience. Being only an amateur garden- 
er and not speaking with the voice of a professional or a nursery- 
man, my words are not to be taken as law and it is to be plainly 
understood that I am only talking about the wild Cedars of the 
fields and hillsides, and not of nursery-grown trees. I am not 
speaking about other Evergreens, as I never have had the time 
or the privilege of studying either their habits or the time and 
manner of transplanting them. We always bought them from 
nurseries and had them planted by their nurseryman. 
The habits of our Cedars are very human. They don't want 
to leave home unless they can go where they like it. If they 
are born and reared in sunlight they resent being settled by some- 
body in dark,, dank places. They hate being over-crowded if 
they have been growing in the open. If they have grown facing 
the open south they dislike being forcibly turned around to the 
north when transplanted. In fact, they like to go on facing 
whatever point of the compass they were born to face. What is 
true of this regal tree above ground is true underneath the soil. 
Its long tap-root, the main mouth which feeds it and balances 
the upper growth of the tree, grows in all sorts of ways, accord- 
ing to its location. In the open, in deep loam or sandy soil, it is 
apt to go straight down for some feet according to its age and 
growth. On the other hand, if it happens to strike rock, it will 
turn and twist around it or follow through a fissure until it is 
almost impossible to find the end of it. It dislikes intensely being 
cut and mutilated by whoever is seeking to dig it, and it constant- 
ly ceases to function when so treated, and its tree becomes 
starved and dies because its smaller roots are not adequate to 
feed it. It likes very much to be transplanted so that it can as 
nearly as possible lie in the direction it grew in. It does not like 
to be turned up hill if it has been running down hill, etc. The 
tap-root of any tree is the conduit of the sap and also braces the 
tree. 
A practical nurseryman told me the other day that if even a 
few inches is cut from the tap-root of an Oak the tree invariably 
dies after transplanting. Old-fashioned gardeners had a habit 
of cutting off a good piece of Cedar tap-roots, but they also had 
the habit of losing their trees. Nurserymen are apt to trim tap- 
roots, but they ball and trim and feed and transplant them two 
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