3. Giving depth and distance to a bluff top view by cutting a 
birch. Opening a vista to the beach by tree and branch cutting. 
4. A glimpse of birch and cedar improved by cutting a tree and 
a shrub. 
5. Opening the road vista to the beach and its beach grass over 
a low evergreen border with dark evergreen bank cover at right 
6. A bit of Corot. 
8. Improving the road vista sky line by the cutting of branches. 
7-9. A clear view of locusts on bluff opened by the cutting of 
Mahaleb Cherries that also crowd wild crab, thorn and mountain ash. 
10. A high sk)) line vista of which the location and opening 
required two hours' direction and twelve hours' labor. 
11. A long vista up the bluff. 
1 2. Revealing a distinctive group of one species — the Rosemary 
Willow. 
13. A deep woods glimpse of blue Asters. 
14. The reverse of vista 10, looking to the beach. 
15. The cutting of one tree broadens and improves an impor- 
tant vista. 
16. A mass of high color at a vista's end suggests a garden of 
such vistas. 
The meeting was held at Walden in Lake Forest, the large and 
beautifully wooded estate of Mr. and Mrs. Cyrus H. McCormick. 
Mr. Warren F. Manning, of Boston, who, twenty years ago, 
helped to cut the lawns, shrubberies and woodlands from the tangled 
native growth and ever since has supervised the improvements and ex- 
tensions, was asked by Mrs. McCormick to demonstrate his methods for 
the benefit of the Garden Club. 
Much time was spent by Mr. Manning and the woodsmen work- 
ing under his direction in preparation for the meeting, but at the final 
moment each vista was spectacularly completed by a few blows of the 
ax. Nothing could be more beautiful and enlightening than the sudden 
emergence of a sweep of landscape hitherto hidden by a single interfer- 
ing branch. Occasionally what seemed the shameful sacrifice of a 
towering tree, proved a means to a beautiful end. 
Shrubs were pruned and tree branches cut to gain a view of the 
lake from the terrace. A low-growing horizontal branch was left 
directly in the line of vision, and caused immediate discussion, Mr. 
Manning, of course, won his point by showing that the branch empha- 
sized the horizon line of the lake and cast a lovely shadow that made 
a border planting seem farther away. 
The widening of an old vista led to the edge of the bluff where a 
white birch was cut, giving a charming view of black tree trunks, and 
beyond, bluish beach grass and the lake. 
