62 Casuarinaceae-Moraceae. 
wood for tapa beaters, while the Australian aborigines make war 
clubs from it. It is of a light brown color, close-grained and prettily 
marked. 
Besides this species there is one other cultivated in the Territory, 
C. quadrivalvis, an upland species mainly planted along the Pali road 
— a continuation of Nuuanu Avenue. In Australia the latter tree 
is known as He Oak and Beef Wood. 
MORACEAE 
Mulberry Family. 
The Mulberry family is represented in the Islands by several 
introduced genera of which the genus Ficus is the predominant one. 
Mention may be made of Morus nigra L., the black mulberry, which 
has been in cultivation here for decades. 
The species of Ficus, represented by cultivated ones only, are 
quite numerous in and about Honolulu and elsewhere in the Terri- 
tory. There are also species of Castilloa under cultivation, Castilloa 
elastica Cerv. and another species from Nicaragua. 
Of the genus Artocarpus several varieties of Artocarpus communis 
Forst., the common Breadfruit and Artocarpus integrifolia the Jak- 
fruit are commonly met with. 
The plants of ornamental value which concern us most, however, 
belong to the genus Ficus. 
Ficus elastica Roxb. 
India Rubber Tree. 
The India Rubber Tree, cultivated as a pot plant in many temper- 
ate climates, when planted out in the tropics, reaches a height of forty 
or more feet, is glabrous throughout, and has a spreading crown. It 
begins life as an epiphyte, sending down adventitious roots from the 
trunk and larger branches. The leaves are leathery, smooth and 
shining. The tree is easily recognized by the pink or red stipules 
which enclose the young leaves. It is a native of India but has been 
in cultivation practically throughout the civilized world, even in the 
northern parts of Europe and America, where it is used for room 
decorations. 
In its native home it grows in the damp forests from the base 
of the Himalayas in Sikkim to Assam and Arracan. It is also frequent 
in Upper Burmah where it is said that whole forests of it exist. 
The tree vields the Caoutchouc of Indian commerce. In Hono- 
