6 Pinaceae. 
in lumps varying from a few ounces to several pounds. The more 
transparent resin is used as a substitute for amber, while the ordi- 
nary gum is used in the manufacture of varnishes. 
Araucaria excelsa R. Br. 
Norfolk Island Pine. 
The genus Araucaria was established in the year 1789 by the 
Botanist Jussieu, who used the vernacular name Auracanos which 
had been applied to one of these trees by the inhabitants of Chile 
in South America. There are quite a number of species, A. Cun- 
ninghamiij A. Bidwillii, both of which are peculiar to Australia, 
while A. excelsa is peculiar to Norfolk Island, and A. Cookii is 
only known from the Isle of Pines off New Caledonia and from 
New Caledonia proper. The name Norfolk Island Pine is applied 
in Honolulu promiscuously to the four species cultivated here, but 
should be applied only to A. excelsa, as the other species have ver- 
nacular names of their own. The Norfolk Island Pine 1 is one of the 
handsomest of the genus and exceeds often two hundred feet in 
height in its native country. It is closely allied to A. Cunninghamii 
and A. Cookii, though the latter have smaller cones; it is one of the 
most symmetrically growing Araucarias, and tall specimens may be 
found in various places about Honolulu. The Araucarias have sterile 
branches, the leaves of which are of two forms on a few species, as 
A. Cunninghamii, while they are uniform on A. Bidwillii. 
On sterile branches the leaves are laterally compressed, sickle- to 
awl-shaped, while those of the fertile branches are triangular-lance- 
olate and shorter than those of the sterile branches. 
In the United States there are about fifteen species of Araucar- 
ias in cultivation; the most popular is A. exceisa and its varieties, 
mostly horticultural varieties. According to Bailey about two hun- 
dred and fifty thousand potted plants of the species are sold in the 
States, nearly all being imported in a young state from Belgium, es- 
pecially from Ghent, where the propagation of this species is made a 
specialty. Not only are they exported to the United States, but the 
world supply of this species for many years came exclusively from 
that source. 
The Araucarias can be propagated from seeds as well as cut- 
tings, and fine specimens can be grown from the latter when they 
are taken from the leading shoots instead of side shoots, and planted 
in sand. 
