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the chestnut, and three or four varieties of nut-bearing trees. 
Of cedar trees there are three varieties; there are also oak, 
ash, sassafras, poplar, medlar, beech and the like." 
In 1702, the same writer also states: "The city of 
Philadelphia has about 1300 or 1400 houses, of which 
number about one half are regular built of lime and stone, 
and German Town about with 50 houses." We also are 
informed by the German Town court records, that March 9, 
1702, Justus Falckner, and Francis Daniel Pastorius, were 
appointed to confer with Edward Farmar, of White Marsh, 
concerning the cost of a road to Philadelphia, thereby show- 
ing an urgent necessity. 
In London, 1708, John Oldmixon in "History of the 
British Empire in America," under heading of "Pennsyl- 
vania," wrote: "The trees of most note are the black walnut, 
cedar, cypress, chestnut, poplar, gum-wood, hickory, sassa- 
fras, ash, beech and oak of several sorts, as red, white and 
black, Spanish, chestnut and swamp, — the most desirable of 
all. There are some excellent shrubs as shumack, snake-root, 
sarsaparilla, calamus, arramitica, jallop, and spine cranberries. 
The fruits that grow naturally in the woods, are the white 
and black mulberry, chestnuts, walnuts, plums, strawberries, 
hurtleberries, and grapes of several kinds. The great red 
grape called the fox grape is commended by William Penn, 
and he thinks it will make excellent wine, if not too sweet, 
yet little inferior to Frontinac; it tastes like that grape, but 
differs in color. There's a white kind of muscadel, and a 
little black grape, like the cluster grape in England. 
Peaches are prodigiously plentiful in this province, and as 
good as any in England except the Newington peach. The 
artificial product of the country is wheat, barley, corn, rye, 
peas, beans, squashes, pumpkins, melons, muskmelons, apples, 
pears, plums, cabbages, colworts, potatoes, radishes, as big 
as parsnips, onions, cucumbers, as also turnips, currants, 
Indian corn, hemp, flax, and tobacco, of which more here- 
after. As to the fertility of the soil, this instance of it is 
sufficient to prove it. One Mr. Edward Jones, whose planta- 
