FLOWERS 
Flowers are either solitary (or few together) or are arranged 
in head, spike, raceme, umbel, or otherwise clustered, or they 
may be whorled on the stem. 
In a head (Fig. 20) the flowers are closely clustered, as in the 
Clover. In a spike (Fig. 21) the flowers are arranged along a 
single stem, branch, or stalk, each flower growing directly from 
that " axis " practically or quite without a separate flower-stalk. 
In a raceme (Fig. 22) the flowers are likewise arranged along a 
Fig. 20 
Fig. 21 
Fig. 22 
Fig. 23 
H'EAD 
SPIKE 
RACEME 
UMBEL 
single stem or branch, but each flower has a separate stalk of 
its own. In an umbel (Fig. 23) the flower-stalks start from a 
common point. For popular use the umbel is not always care- 
fully distinguished from other clusters, and umbellate clusters 
will sometimes be found under the general head cluster, for 
example. Marsh Andromeda, Bastard Toadflax, and Spurge. 
A compound umbel is one made up of small umbels on stalks 
which in their turn start from a common point, as in Early 
Meadow Parsnip. A panicle is a loosely branching cluster 
