58 
HARDY PERENNIALS 
of similar character. For instance, Perennial Asters, 
Phloxes, Pentstemons, Hypericums make both 
Autumn and Spring shoots that may be cut 
square beneath a leaf-joint when the shoot is about 
three inches long. Violas, Gaillardias, Anchusas, 
Carnations, and many other soft-wooded plants 
throw up young growths from the base of the 
plant which may be pulled or cut, trimmed, and 
inserted as cuttings. Delphiniums make thick, 
succulent shoots that must be 
deftly cut with a good ' heel ' 
or portion of the crown before 
they have attained too great 
a size, and many trailing 
plants will strike if their long 
stems are cut up into lengths 
with one joint at the base, 
and one from which new 
growth is to be made. 
Autumn is the best time 
for propagating the 1 a s t- 
named class of plants, examples of which are 
Vincas, Muhlenbeckias, Lithospermums, and various 
other plants with more or less woody or stoloniferous 
stems. Cold frames are the best accommodation 
for such cuttings, and also for the Autumn cuttings 
of Phloxes, etc., since their tissues are fairly well 
hardened, and many of our more vigorous peren- 
nials will strike quite well in a sheltered spot at the 
foot of a wall or fence. All cuttings root best in a 
Cutting of Delphinium 
Severed from Crown 
OF Plant. 
