86 
Vitis vinifera. — Owing to the long period of its cultivation, there 
are many varieties of this species. We know of it in Pennsylvania 
as the "hot-house grapes," being too tender for outdoor cultivation 
in this latitude. It is grown in grape houses for the tables of the 
wealthy. We know this grape also by the display of "California 
grapes" at fruit stands, and the entire product of raisins. The 
varieties of Europeamgrapes, commonly planted under glass, are the 
following: Black Hamburg, the leading variety, of excellent flavor 
and good yielding propensities; Muscat of Alexandria stands at the 
head of the list of white varieties. 
Failure in the attempts to grow the European grape in this lati- 
tude lead horticulturists to produce hybrids by crossing Vitis 
vinifera varieties with the varieties of American grape in cultiva- 
tion fifty years ago. We have the results of such labors in the 
Roger's hybrids, such as Agawam, Line! ley and Wilder. 
When grape growers were convinced that little was possible with 
the foreign grape in Eastern United States, closer attention was 
paid to the improvement of our native grapes. 
Vitis Labrusca. — The most important of the American species. It 
is commonly known as the Northern Fox-grape. It is found wild in 
the New England states and southward along the Allegheny 
Mountains to Georgia. It is a strong growing vine, climbing high 
on trees. The writer has collected specimens in York county, in 
this State, when in fruit, having eight to twelve berries to the 
bunch. The bunches seldom have over twenty berries in the native 
form. This is remarkable, in view of the fact that one of the earliest 
descendants of this species, the Concord, has bunches with fifty 
or more berries. This species has given us, besides the Concord, the 
Catawba, Niagara, Brighton, Moore's Early and many more good 
varieties. 
Vitis aestivalis*. — The Summer grape is native from Southern New 
York to Florida and westward to the Mississippi River. There are 
many botanical forms of this species showing its strong tendency to 
vary. Several good wine grapes have sprung from this species, such 
as Herbemont, Le Noir and Onderdonk. These varieties are better 
suited to Virginia and Missouri than to more northern states. 
Vitis vu7j>ina. — Riverbank grape. This is a tall, climbing plant, 
with bright green glabrous, thin foliage. It may be found from New 
Brunswick to West Virginia and westward to North Dakota and 
Kansas. It is recognized as the parent form of such varieties as the 
Clinton, Golden Clinton, Elvira, Pearl and others. 
Vitis rotund folia. — The South''! jrape may be found from 
Southern Delaware to Northern Florida and westward to Kansas 
and Texas. Tt is the parent specie! of the Southern Scuppernong 
