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BAGGING. 
It has long been a practice among amateur grape growers, to 
enclose the clusters of grapes in paper sacks for the purpose of 
protecting the fruit against insect attack and to preserve the 
bloom and aroma of the fruit. The improvement was so marked 
that many commercial vineyardists annually bag a large quantity 
of clusters, for which, when ripe, they obtain a special price that 
amply repays the extra labor and expense. 
Sacks of a poor thin paper should not be used, as they are likely 
to go to pieces when exposed to the weather. The 2-pound manilla 
sack, holding a quart, is the right size to iise. Such sacks can be 
purchased in small quantities from a grocery or in large quantities 
at a very low cost from dealers in such goods. To be most effectual, 
bagging must be done as soon as the fruit is set, which will be 
from the middle to the last of June, according to the locality and 
season. The bag, fully inflated, is drawn over the small cluster 
and drawn together about the stem and tied with a string or wire, 
or, better still, it is drawn up over the cane bearing the cluster 
and turned over and pinned. Thus protected, the berries develop 
free from fungus attack or insect injuries. This method serves also 
to prevent chickens picking at the fruit when they have access to 
the vines. 
Bagged grapes may be left on the vines longer than unprotected 
fruit without fear of injury from early frosts, or they may be cut 
and laid away in a cool place without removing the bags, to be 
used after the other fruit has been disposed of, for the bagged fruit 
has better keeping qualities as well as better size, color, flavor and 
sweetness. 
SPRAYING. 
Under the heading of Fungus Diseases and Insect Enemies are 
described the natural enemies of grape culture. One or more of 
these are certain to attack any vineyard. Many of them may be 
present every season, but no serious damage is done and no notice 
is taken of them. But sooner or later the conditions are favorable 
for the rapid spread and development of a fungus disease or insect 
pest and the entire crop of fruit is ruined or the vines are so weak- 
ened that several years are required for them to regain their former 
vigor. The vineyardist was unprepared to meet such conditions. 
The grape growers in Erie county, in 1902, were in such a position 
when the Black Rot struck the famous Chautauqua grape belt for 
the first time with serious results. For several years it bad been 
demonstrated that spraying with Bordeaux mix hire was an effectual 
remedy for Black Rot in vineyards, but none of the grape growers 
