17 
grafting, but the union is entirely covered with ground. Only the 
top bud of the scion is exposed. Such grafts having the advantage 
of a strong established root system usually make a very large growth 
the first season, so that in the second year almost a full crop of fruit 
niay be expected. 
The season for grafting the grape is an extended one as it may be 
performed at any convenient time from October to May. Experience 
teaches, however, that the best results are obtained by grafting in 
early spring after the severe conditions of winter are past, and before 
the severe bleeding of the vines is likely to occur. The scions should 
be cut in the fall and stored until spring. 
Tongue Graft. — In Europe and in California, the favorite style of 
grafting the grape is by a form of tongue graft. The stock and scion 
are nearly the same size in diameter. The stock is cut off below 
ground at an angle and is then split in a manner to receive the 
tongue of the scion, as shown in Figure 5. The scion is preferably the 
lower section of the season's cane where the joints are short and the 
pith slight. The tongue is made, not at the base as in ordinary 
tongue grafting, but at one side about one inch above the base. A 
thin piece of wood is removed from the side, then by a deeper cut a 
tongue is made of proper length to fit the stock, as shown in Figure 
5. It is well to tie such grafts with narrow bands of cheap cloth to 
hold them securely so that the scion will not be disturbed when 
ground is replaced about the graft. 
Other things being equal, the grafted grape-vine will live as long 
and produce fruit as well as a vine on its own roots. It will be 
clear to the reader that in Pennsylvania there is little occasion to 
propagate grapes by grafting. 
Sred< . — The grape is easily grown from seed; but since the quality 
of the fruit depends upon the variety, and varieties do not "come 
true" from seed, it is evident that a choice variety cannot be multi- 
plied by seeds. But new varieties are obtained by sowing seeds, 
therefore, to originate new varieties it is necessary to plant seeds, 
preferably, such as result from cross fertilization. 
The seed may be taken, from the berries when ripe and planted at 
once in a well-chosen and prepared seed bed, or they may be strati- 
fied, that is, mixed with a quantity of moist sand, placed in a cool 
cellar and kept until spring when they can be planted in the seed 
bed. 
LOCATION. 
The location of a single vine on home grounds is determined more 
by convenience than any other consideration, especially if it is to do 
double service as an ornament and a fruit supply. A trellis against 
