15 
cutting, and upon the approach of cold weather they are covered 
with a heavy mulch of soil or are transferred to the cellar as already 
described. Another practice in rooting tender varieties is to put 
the cuttings in cold frames and have glass over them early in spring. 
These cuttings remain in the cold frames for a year and are then sold 
or transferred to the nursery row. 
In the open ground a loose loamy soil should he chosen for the cut- 
ting bed. It should be free from stones and should be deeply pre- 
pared. If these conditions are secured, the cuttings taken from win- 
ter storage may be planted by pushing each one into the soil until 
only the upper bud is exposed, it the soil is so stiff and stony that 
the callus formed on the cuttings would be injured by thus pushing 
them into the ground, it is necessary to open a furrow to a line with 
a spade so that each cutting can be placed in position at the proper 
depth. The cuttings are put in about G or 8 inches apart in 
rows three and one half feet apart to admit of cultivation with a 
horse. Cuttings are generally rooted enough at the end of the first 
year to be transplanted to the vineyard, but planters usually prefer 
two-year old vines. During the two years the cutting beds should 
be kept free from weeds and tiiled with a cultivator. 
Single-eye Cuttings. — Cuttings of grapes made with a single bud 
are frequently made in nursery practice with the rarer varieties. 
More plants can thus be made with a given amount of stock, and 
having the skill necessary for handling such cuttings, a fair percent- 
age of one-eye cuttings are rooted. The foreign grapes, like the 
Black Hamburg, are commonly propagated in the north by this 
method. 
Single-eye cuttings are made in the fall by taking pieces of the 
canes three or four inches long bearing the bud in the middle. Fig. 4. 
These cuttings are then buried in sand or moss and stored in a cool 
cellar the same as directed for the long cuttings. Early in February 
the}* are planted horizontally an inch deep in a sandy soil in a cool 
greenhouse. In about six weeks they will have developed root and 
branch enough to be potted off or be transplanted to a cold frame. 
Greenwood Cuttings. — New varieties of grapes are sometimes pro- 
pagated by forcing growth under glass and making cuttings of the 
growing canes. It may also be done by taking growing canes from 
the vineyard in the summer. The cuttings are made two buds long, 
leaving the upper leaf. They are best rooted in close frames with 
bottom heat. Careful attention must be given to ventilation and 
watering. In three or four weeks they will have rooted enough to 
be planted in pots. This method is not recommended to amateurs 
nor vineyardists, as it requires conditions which are not easily con- 
trolled outside of nurseries. 
