February, 1917 
WISCONSIN HORTICULTURE 
83 
in the cellar until next spring and 
as soon as the ground can be work- 
ed plant in deep mellow soil, down 
to the top bud of the cion. Don’t 
slick the root only in the soil, leav- 
ing most of the graft in the air, but 
bury until only an inch is visible. 
Cleft grafting : For materials 
you will need a saw, butcher knife 
and mallet and cions of the same 
kind described in root grafting, 
but no roots. For cleft grafting 
any limbs from one to six inches 
in diameter may be used : saw these 
(2) 
Fig. 3 (1) Showing methods of in- 
serting cleft grafts. (2) A good type of 
grafting chisel. 
off at least a foot from the trunif 
and split as shown in Fig. 3 ; cut 
two cions, each of about three 
inches and cut the lower ends 
wedge shaped, but much thicker on 
one side. Insert these as shown 
herewith., keeping in mind the 
cambium story, and cover the cleft 
and tips of cions with grafting 
wax. This is not shown in the pic- 
ture, but unless it is done failure 
will result. 
Now this is about all we need to 
say, the principles are here, the 
details can be worked out. The 
grafting wax mentioned is made by 
melting together four parts resin, 
two parts beeswax and one part tal- 
low. When melted, pour into a 
pail of water, grease your hands 
and have an old-fashioned candy- 
pull. 
Grafting is lots of fun ; try it. 
A Spraying Problem 
A member writes: “I have an 
orchard of five acres about ten 
years old. It is quite hard work 
to spray with hand power for some 
of the trees are quite large. Will 
you please give me names and 
addresses of reliable makers of 
power sprayers.” 
The names were furnished as re- 
quested and some suggestions 
added about as follows: A good 
power spray rig, one operated by 
gasoline engine, will cost at least 
one hundred and fifty dollars and 
it is doubtful if it is a good busi- 
ness proposition to buy one for that 
sum. A really efficient outfit costs 
two hundred dollars or more. The 
engine might be disconnected and 
used for other purposes but usually 
it is not advisable. 
The interest and depreciation on 
the outfit would amount to about 
forty dollars a year. This is too 
much “overhead” for merely one 
part of the care a five acre orchard. 
Further, it is unnecessary. 
There is a type of hand power 
rig with double-action pump, hori- 
zontal stroke, which may be used 
in connection with a 200 gallon 
tank that costs less than fifty dol- 
lears for both pump and tank. A 
pressure of seventy-five to one 
hundred pounds can be maintained 
with little difficulty with this 
pump. 
Experts tell us that a very high 
pressure is required for best re- 
sults, 200 to 250 lbs., and this no 
doubt is true but in actual practice 
it. is found that very good results 
can be obtained with a hand power 
pump. The higher pressure re- 
sults in economy rather than effici- 
ency. 
Cherry growers should read 
carefully the article on cherry leaf 
spot by Prof. Keitt in this number. 
Sensible Remarks 
The following letter to the Rural 
New Yorker and Editor Colling- 
wood’s reply show that “there are 
others” when it comes to taking a 
slam at farm orchards. 
As to the future of the apple 
business you may get any opinion 
you like, all honest and all based 
on practical experience. Many 
people forget that both apples and 
potatoes are crops for a series of 
years and not crops to be estimated 
for one year. Most of us forget 
that two years ago potato growers 
were in despair over their prices. 
The crop was so large that it could 
hardly be given away, and some 
growers abandoned it in disgust. 
Had they kept on the prices for 
the past two years would have 
made a fine average, and that is 
what we must work for in both 
potatoes and apples. One year 
with another, potatoes will prove 
profitable anywhere within reason- 
able distance of a good market. 
We think much the same is true 
of apples. Millions of trees have 
been planted and millions will fol- 
low. A large proportion of them 
will never pay expenses. They 
are planted on unsuitable soil. 
Baldwin and McIntosh planted on 
heavy wet land suitable for Spy, 
would never pay. Then many 
trees are planted off in faraway 
places where the cost of hauling 
and shipping eat up all the profits. 
Small orchards off in such places 
will not pay. The owner cannot 
make carload shipments, and must 
depend on buyers and commission 
men to handle his fruit. There 
will not, be much profit on farms 
where the orchard is a sort of side 
issue. There may be several bun- 
dled trees, but some other farming 
is the main business and the trees 
do not get full care. There are 
usually too many varieties, and the 
fruit cannot be sold to advantage. 
(Continued on page 89). 
