April, 1918 
WISCONSIN HORTICULTURE 
gave as satisfactory results as did the 
4-4-50. Even the 1-1-50 formula 
gave a fair control in 1916 and a good 
commercial control in 1917. It is, 
however, too weak to be recommend- 
ed for commercial use. These ex- 
periments show that the 3-3-50 for- 
mula may be recommended with full 
confidence for commercial use in Wis- 
consin cherry orchards. Even the 
2-2-50 formula may be used with 
safety if good sanitation is practiced 
and the applications are thorough 
and timely. It will not be satisfac- 
tory, however, if the work is not well 
done. 
Lime-sulphur, at all the three con- 
centrations used, gave satisfactory re- 
sults. As no injury resulted from 
the higher concentrations and the 
spray is relatively inexpensive, it 
seems best to use either the 1-40 or 
the 1-30 dilution. The 1-50 dilu- 
tion is not recommended. Lime- 
sulphur 1-40 has been used more ex- 
tensively in these experiments than 
any other dilution, and has given uni- 
formly good results. In all these 
tests lime-sulphur was used in com- 
bination with arsenate of lead. When 
it was applied alone the results were 
less satisfactory. 
Recommendations 
No single recommendation can be 
made to meet the needs of all grow- 
ers. The following program, how- 
ever, subject to modifications to meet 
local conditions, should give satis- 
factory results: 
1. Give early clean cultivation. 
Turn under the dead leaves in the 
spring as completely as practicable 
well before the blossoming period of 
the cherry. This will destroy a very 
large percentage of the "winter 
spores” of the fungus and thus 
strongly reenforce the spray schedule. 
2. Spray with Bordeaux mixture, 
3.-3-50 (this formula should be modi- 
fied to suit local conditions) or lime- 
sulphur, 1-40 or 1-30: (1) when the 
petals fall (timing subject to slight 
modification: see pp. 8-10, (2) about 
two weeks later, and (3), if neces- 
sary, just after the fruit is picked. In 
each application, arsenate of lead 
(powder, % to 1 lb.; 1 Vz to 2 lbs. in 
50 gals.) should be added to the fun- 
gicide. This controls chewing in- 
sects and increases the effectiveness 
of the spray against leaf spot. The 
applications should be thorough and 
timely, especially in the case of lime- 
sulphur, and care should be taken to 
cover the under as well as the upper 
surfaces of the leaves. If good sani- 
tation is practiced and the first and 
second applications are thorough, the 
third treatment may frequently be 
omitted. Whether or not it should 
be applied is a matter to be decided 
by the individual orchardist in the 
light of local conditions. 
DIGEST 
Leaf spot is the most destructive 
fungus disease of the cherry in Wis- 
consin. Its control is necessary for 
profitable commercial cherry culture 
in this state. Page 3 
The scarcity and high price of cop- 
per sulphate and labor make it highly 
I 19 
important to improve control meas- 
ures. Page 4 
Early clean cultivation reinforces 
the spraying program by checking 
the development and discharge of 
spores of the leaf spot fungus. 
Pages 6—7 
Two or three applications of Bor- 
deaux mixture or lime-sulphur, with 
arsenate of load, combined with early 
clean cultivation, will satisfactorily 
control leaf spot. Make the applica- 
tions: first, soon after the petals fall; 
second, about 2 weeks later; and 
third, just after the fruit is harvested. 
The third application may frequently 
be omitted, but never the first or 
second. Pages 7-9 
Weaker Bordeaux mixtures may he 
used where the spraying is thoroughly 
done. The 3-3-50 strength may be 
used with full confidence. With good 
sanitation and thorough application, 
even the 2-2-50 formula may be used 
with safety. Page 10 
Lime-sulpliur, 33° II. (1.2940 sp. 
gr. ) should he diluted at the rate oi 
1-40 or 1-30. Add arsenate of lead 
(powder, % to 1 lb. in 50 gals.; paste, 
1 to 21bs. ) to control chewing in- 
sects and to increase the effectiveness 
of the spray against leaf spot. 
Pages 7-11 
Beans in flotation. 
Have raised potatoes and corn 
on a lot GO by 60 ft. for eight years, 
— used only barnyard manure for 
fertilizer and want to raise beans 
for a change. 
Q. Where can I get Navy Bean, 
seed ? 
Ans. Navy beans sufficient for 
your 60x60 ft. lot can be had from 
any seedsman. 
Q. Is there any particular kind 
you could recommend for Green 
County ? 
Ans. The common navy bean. 
There are no varieties. 
I am of the opinion that your 
land is not well suited to navy 
beans. Beans do best on light 
sandy soil not very rich. Am 
afraid your beans would make 
more tops than beans on land that 
lias been manured for 8 years even 
if potatoes have been grown. If 
you have a canning factory near 
would suggest tomatoes or sweet 
corn. 
PIG. 4.— UNSPRAYED TREE AT THE END OF THE SEASON 
This tree lost its leaves in early summer. The fruit failed to mature and was a total 
lost, much of it hanging on until frost. (Photographed Sept. 29, 1917.) 
