156 
WISCONSIN HORTICULTURE 
J une, 1918 
systems may be streams, springs, 
stored run-offs, sumps for catching 
drainage water, and wells. In 
some sections of the East, the stor- 
age of water falling on the roof 
of a building during the summer 
months is sufficient to irrigate a 
garden which is three times the 
area of the building. The reservoir 
in this case would need to hold 
about two months’ rainfall, or the 
equivalent of six inches falling on 
the roof. 
TYPES OF SPRAY SYSTEMS 
Three types of spray irrigation 
construction have been adopted 
more or less widely for field irri- 
gation. The hose and movable 
nozzle, or movable lines, fed from 
an underground pipe system and 
hydrant was one of the earliest 
systems to be developed and is still 
in rather extensive use for the irri- 
gation of cold-frame and hot-bed 
crops, garden setting and seed 
beds, small gardens, etc. Though 
the first cost of such a system is 
lower than that of the other types, 
it is the least efficient, the bulletin 
states. 
Stationary nozzles on vertical 
equidistant standards, varying 
from 4 to 6 feet for truck to a. 
height greater than the trees in 
orchards, constitute a second type 
of spray irrigation system. The 
nozzles are set from 30 to 50 feet 
apart. The advantages of this 
system are rapidity of application, 
where this is desirable, comparative 
freedom from clogging, and satis- 
factory operation at low pressures. 
Disadvantages are uneven distri- 
bution of water due to uneven 
spread of nozzles and the overlap- 
ping of the circular sprayed areas, 
a nd lack of adaptability to more 
delicate crops. The cost of instal- 
lation is more than that of the mov- 
able hose system and sometimes less 
and sometimes more than that of 
the stationary overhead system. 
The cost of operation is about the 
same as that of the latter. 
The stationary overhead system, 
the third type of spray irrigation, 
consists of raised parallel lines of 
pipe in which nozzles are set every 
few feet. The pipe lines may be 
rotated so that the spray will be 
directed at any desired angle be- 
tween the vertical and 45 degrees 
on either side of the line. In this 
way areas about 50 feet wide can 
be watered by each line. The pipe 
lines of such a system may be set 
on wood, metal, or concrete posts 
ranging in height from a few feet 
above ground to a height sufficient 
to permit the passage of horses un- 
der them. The lines also may be 
suspended from cables attached to 
poles of the size used in telephone 
construction. The advantages of 
this type of spray system are 
adaptability to varying needs and 
evenness of distribution. 
COST OF SPRAY SYSTEMS 
Assuming that a stationary plant 
for a small acreage will cost $250 
an acre, the bulletin estimates that 
the farmer must secure, because of 
the system, added annual returns 
in excess of $51 per acre if the in- 
stallation is to be a profitable en- 
terprise. Other types of spray 
irrigation plants may be installed 
at less than $250 per acre, however, 
and in such cases smaller addi- 
tional returns will be necessary to 
make the system profitable. Tbe 
$51 annual cost per acre figured 
for the $250 an acre system in- 
cludes interest, depreciation on 
equipment, maintenance, repairs, 
and cost of fuel and labor. In or- 
der that the added costs may be 
met adequately, good markets, 
McKAY NURSERY 
COMPANY 
MADISON, WISCONSIN 
Nursery Stock of 
Quality 
for Particular Buyers 
Have all the standard varieties 
as well as the newer sorts. Can 
supply you with everything in 
Fruit Trees, Small Fruits, 
Vines and Ornamentals. 
Let us suggest what to plant 
both in Orchard and in the 
decoration of your grounds. 
Prices and our new Catalog 
sent promptly upon receipt of 
your list of wants. 
Nurseries at 
Waterloo, Wis. 
JEWELL 
MINNESOTA 
GROWN 
Nursery Stock 
Complete assortment | 
of Fruit and Orna- < 
mental stock in all 
varieties suited t* 1 
northern culture. A 
specialty of Hardy 
!' Shade Trees, Wind- 
; break Stock, Ever- 
greens (Conifer- 
ous), Deciduous 
Shrubs, Apples and 
Native Plums. 
AGENTS WANTED 
The Jewell Nursery 
Company 
Lake City. Minnesota 
