March, 1919 
WISCONSIN HORTICULTURE 
93 
Mr. Piper, one of the large grow- 
ers, arranged two 30-gallon tanks 
on his large 2-horse 6-row machine 
and treated over 40 acres. He 
was so thoroughly convinced of 
the value of this treatment that lie 
left no check rows for comparison. 
However, we do know that a full 
crop was harvested this year from 
fields that in 1917 gave from half 
to two-thirds of a crop because of 
smut. In a field where the smut 
trouble was very severe check 
rows were left untreated. These 
gave 186 bushels to the acre while 
the field treated went 681 bushels, 
a gain of 495 bushels. 
In addition to the extensive sur- 
vey work that was carried on last 
year as a result of the cooperative 
relations established with the U. S. 
Department of Agriculture, there 
is now stationed at Madison in 
connection with the plant pathol- 
ogy department a branch labora- 
tory of the Office of Cereal Inves- 
tigation. Dr. A. G. Johnson of 
our department has been placed 
in charge of all the investigations 
on cereal diseases caused by fungi 
of the ascus and imperfecti 
groups. Furthermore, the U. S. 
Department of Agriculture, Office 
of Cotton, Truck, and Forage Crop 
Investigations, has detailed to our 
laboratory Dr. F. R. Jones, who is 
continuing investigations on pea 
blight, and Dr. J. C. AValker, who 
is devoting his time to finding 
Avays and means of better control- 
ing cabbage and onion troubles. 
Cooperation, Avorking together, 
is an important reason why Wis- 
consin is so Avidely and favorably 
knoAvn in the field of plant disease 
control and there is every indica- 
tion that future results will equal 
if not surpass those that have 
been recorded. 
Pruning and Spraying’ Bush 
Fruits 
T. II. Kiethly, Indiana 
The systematic pruning of the 
bush fruits, especially of currants 
and gooseberries is very often neg- 
lected, yet it is just as important 
that they be pruned regularly and 
to some fixed system as it is that 
the grape, for instance, be so 
treated. 
One should have some definite 
system of pruning each species of 
bush fruit and the choice of sys- 
tem must depend upon certain 
conditions, such as the fruiting 
habit of the plants, the manner of 
training, the location of the plan- 
tation, the variety one is groAA’ing, 
etc. No system, however practical 
it may be, can be applied in an 
ironclad Avay to all varieties of a 
class, nor to all bushes of a certain 
variety, but must be intelligently 
varied to meet the case in hand. 
I shall tell briefly of some of the 
systems Ave have found practical 
in our work. 
The pruning of currants and 
gooseberries can all be done at one 
time in late Avinter or early spring. 
They both produce most of their 
fruit on the laterals on canes older 
than one year and on fruit spurs 
on these canes, hence the same sys- 
tem of pruning applies to them 
both. We first remove all canes 
over four years of age. Then 
head in all lateral shoots that have 
made a vigorous groAvth. We take 
off 2 to 4 inches from a groAvth of 
ten to twelve inches. We rare- 
ly head in any laterals on the 
four year canes. We then re- 
move all but three or four of the 
one year canes or whips and head 
them back to about 2 feet in 
height. This makes for a short 
bushy cane that Avill not drop 0A T er 
The 
Jewell Nursery 
Company 
Lake City, Minn. 
J. M. UNDERWOOD, 
Founder and Pres. 
Established ISOS 
Fifty Years 
Continuous 
Service 
A Complete Stock 
of Fruit;, Shelter 
a n d Ornamental 
Stock i n Hardy 
Varieties for 
Northern Plant- 
ers. 
Agents Wanted 
The Hawks 
Nursery 
Company 
are in a position to 
furnish high grade 
Nursery Stock of all 
kinds and varieties 
suitable to Wiscon- 
sin and other north- 
ern districts. 
Will be glad to fig- 
ure on your wants 
either in large or 
small quantities. 
Wauwatosa. Wis. 
