SIR J. DALTON HOOKER, 1865 TO 1885 55 
Jodrell 
Laboratory. 
Herbarium 
and Museum. 
in other respects unsatisfactory. It was swept away in 1881 ; the 
ground was grassed over, and the present simple arrangement of 
formal beds substituted. 
The two great periods of building activity at Kew were the sixth 
and seventh decades of the eighteenth century, and the directorate 
of Sir William Hooker. Not again, it is probable, will 
such active times recur, unless Kew or horticulture 
generally undergoes some sudden revolution. Yet 
the years between 1875 and 1880 were busy ones, too. The 
erection of a laboratory for the study and elucidation of physio- 
logical problems in plant-life opened up an entirely new branch 
of activity in the establishment. The building, which was erected 
and equipped at the expense of Mr. T. J. Phillips Jodrell, was com- 
pleted in 1876. It cost £1,500. During the first year it was used 
by Professors Tyndall and Burdon Sanderson. 
Constant and often large accessions of herbarium material since 
the death of Sir William Hooker had rendered additional space 
essential for its proper housing and arrangement. In 
1876-7 a new hall, 86 feet long by 43 feet wide, was 
added to the old Herbarium building. A similar con- 
dition existed in the Museum department in 1880, when the entire 
collection of material relating to economic botany in the Indian 
Museum at South Kensington was transferred to Kew. The follow- 
ing year (1881) the east wing of No. I. Museum was built, towards 
the cost of which the India Office contributed £2,000. A popular 
and attractive feature was secured to the establishment when Miss 
North presented her paintings to the nation. A gallery for their 
display, also given by her, was built in 1 880-1 and opened to 
the public in 1882. In 1882 the Rockery or Alpine Garden was 
made. 
The advancement of Indian and Colonial industries by the dis- 
tribution of seeds and plants of economic importance had been made 
a cardinal item in the work of Kew by Sir William Hooker. 
It was, perhaps, even more actively carried on by his son. 
Such important industries as those connected with quinine, 
coffee, cocoa, rubbers, gutta-perchas, fibres, paper materials, timbers, 
vegetable oils, tropical fruits, medicines, and many minor ones, were 
fostered, helped, and even started wherever and whenever oppor- 
tunity occurred. 
Economic 
Botany. 
