FASHIONING THE GARDEN. 
one way of dealing with such a soil, and that is to either dig 
out a foot or so of the chalk and replace it with good soil and 
manure, or to add another layer of soil on the existing surface. 
Draining is not required on sandy or chalky soils. Heavy 
mulchings with rotten manure are essential in spring and 
summer on both soils. In the case of suburban gardens it is 
the general practice of builders to pare off the turf from old 
pasture land and sell it for potting purposes, thus greatly im- 
poverishing the soil for garden crops. Furthermore, in clayey 
Fig. 2A. A PICTURESQUE SUMMER HOUSE. 
Substantial structure of varnished oak and hazel, with a heather 
thatched roof fringed with graceful trails of Clematis montana. 
districts the subsoil dug out from the foundations is often 
spread over the naturally good surface soil, thus rendering it 
exceeding difficult to get crops to grow in such sour, uncon- 
genial stuff. The reader is advised on taking possession of 
such a soil to dig test holes here and there to ascertain if there 
be good soil below, and if so, to trench the soil, burying the 
clay below and bringing the good mould to the surface. Do 
not overlook the importance of trenching the soil deeply when 
a garden is first formed. Unless this be done trees, shrubs, 
