HARDY PLANTS. 
117 
Speaker and Mrs. Lothian Bell are also excellent varieties. The 
foregoing are all excellent plants to grow in sunny borders 
for general effect or for yielding flowers for cutting. Plant in 
autumn or spring. Lift and divide every two or three years. 
May be increased by seeds sown outdoors in April or by cut- 
tings in a cold frame in summer. One more perennial species 
remains to be mentioned, and that is C. uliginosum, better 
known as Pvrethrum uliginosum (Giant Ox-eye). This grows 
4 to 6ft. high, and bears a profusion of white flowers with a 
yellow centre during September and October. It is a useful 
plant to grow at the back of wide borders or in the wild garden. 
Moreover its flowers come in most valuable for cutting. If 
dwarfer plants are desired, pinch out the points of the shoots 
in May. Plant in autumn or spring. Increased by division in 
autumn or March. 
Last of all this extensive genus of plants comes the Mar- 
guerite (C. frutescens). The Marguerite is a somewhat tender 
plant, and therefore cannot be relied upon to thrive outdoors 
in winter. It is usual therefore to insert cuttings in a cold 
frame in autumn, lift and transfer these to pots when rooted, 
and grow them on in heat in spring, hardening off and plant- 
ing out in May. To ensure dwarf plants the points of the 
shoots must be pinched out in the early stages of growth. 
Cuttings may also be inserted in heat in spring, but these 
do not do so well as those placed in frames in autumn. The 
Marguerites are excellent town garden plants, and also most 
useful for bedding. Mrs. F. Sander, a double white variety, 
makes an excellent bedding plant. The foliage of the Mar- 
guerite is specially liable to be attacked by a leaf-mining 
maggot. The only remedy is to burn plants badly infested, 
and to dig out solitary maggots when seen with the point of a 
pen-knife or darning-needle. 
Chrysoplenium (Golden Saxifrage). — C. oppositifoTTum 
is a dwarf native perennial, belonging to the Saxifrage order 
(Saxifragaceae), and worthy of cultivation in damp, shady 
positions or bog gardens. It has golden-yellow foliage, and 
creeps along the surface of the soil. Plant in spring. In- 
creased by seed, or by division in spring. 
Cimicifugra. (Bugbane).— Hardy herbaceous perennials, 
belonging to the Crowfoot order (Ranunculaceae). The most 
generally grown species is the Black Snake-root (C. racemosa), 
a bold, stately plant, growing 3 to 4ft. high, with elegant 
foliage and feathery white flowers Borne in compound racemes 
in July and August. The only other species worthy of note 
are C. americana, white, July, 3 to 4ft. ; C. davurica, white, 
July, 3ft. ; C. japonica, pure white, 3ft., July. The flowers 
emit an unpleasant odour. These plants will thrive in ordi- 
