118 
THE FLOWER GARDEN. 
nary moist soil in sun or in shade, and are also suitable for 
shrubbery borders and the wild garden. Plant in autumn or 
spring. Increased by seeds sown in moist, rich soil outdoors 
in autumn or spring ; or by division of the root-stocks in 
October or March. 
ciarkia. — Hardy annuals, natives of California and N. 
America, and members of the Evening Primrose order (Ono- 
graceae). This is an exceedingly pretty and showy genus of 
hardy flowers, the species and varieties of which are grown 
extensively in gardens of all sizes. C. elegans has purplish 
stems, grows i8in. to 2ft. high, and bears purple, red, or 
salmon-tinted flowers in leaf racemes. There are double and 
single forms of this species. Sutton’s Firefly, crimson, and 
Scarlet Beauty, salmon-scarlet, are charming varieties. C. 
pulchella has narrow leaves, grows i8in. high, and bears 
rosy-purple flowers. The varieties alba, white, single ; integri- 
petala flore pleno, petals entire, rosy-purple, double; and Tom 
Thumb, a dwarf strain, are very beautiful. Sow outdoors, 
where required to grow, in April or September. When the 
seedlings are an inch or so high, thin the dwarf varieties to 
6in. apart, and the tall ones to 12m. apart. The plants will 
then make a bushy growth and produce a more pleasing effect. 
May also be grown in beds. 
Clematis. — In addition to the climbing- species and 
varieties dealt with on p. 352, there are also several kinds of a 
bushy herbaceous habit which are suitable for cultivation in the 
mixed hardy plant border. The shoots of these die down to 
the ground in autumn, new ones appearing each spring. The 
species here referred to are C. heraclaefolia davidiana, porcelain- 
blue, and fragrant; C. recta, white, and fragrant; C. recta 
fl. pi., double-flowered; C. integrifolia, deep blue; and C. 
integrifolia alba, white. All grow 2 to 3ft. high, and flower 
in July, August, and September. The flowers are invaluable 
for cutting for indoor decoration. Grow in ordinary soil, freely 
intermixed with old mortar rubbish, and cut the stems off close 
to the ground in November. Increased by division of the root- 
stock in spring. Nat. Ord. Ranunculaceae. 
Cnicus (Fish-bone Thistle). — Thistle-like biennials with 
spiny leaves, more or less variegated with white, belonging to 
the Daisy order (Compositae). C. Casabonae has deep green 
leaves veined with silver and furnished with brown spines. It 
grows 2 to 3ft. high, and is a native of S. Europe. C. Diacantha 
has foliage of a bright shining green, marked with silvery 
lines and furnished with ivory-white spines ; height, 2 to 3ft. 
Both are grown for the sake of their ornamental foliage as 
border plants, or for associating with coloured-leaved plants in 
summer bedding. Increased by seeds sown in the open border. 
