HARDY PLANTS. 
139 
Erysimum. — Hardy annual, biennial and perennial 
plants, belonging to the Wallflower order (Cruciferae). E. 
perofskianum is an annual species from the Caucasus. It 
grows i ft. high, and bears orange-red flowers in profusion in 
summer. Sow seeds in patches in the borders in September 
or in April. Will grow in any soil. Thin out the seedlings 
early to get good plants. E. alpinum, sulphur-yellow, fragrant, 
May, 6in. ; E. ochroleucum, yellow, fragrant, April to July, 
8in. ; E. pumilum, yellow, fragrant, summer, 3m. ; E. pulchel- 
lum, yellow, fragrant, spring, ift. ; and E. rhceticum, yellow, 
summer, 6in., are the chief perennial species. These will 
succeed in ordinary soil in sunny borders or on rockeries. 
They are best grown in bold masses. Readily reared from 
seeds sown outdoors in April, afterwards transplanting the 
seedlings to their flowering positions. Also increased bv 
division in autumn. 
Erythraea, (Centaury). — Pretty dwarf annual and peren- 
nial plants, belonging to the Gentian order (Gentianaceae). 
The native Centaury (E. Centaurium) which grows so freely on 
dry limestone banks, is an annual bearing pretty rose flowers 
in summer. Scatter seeds about on dry banks, etc., in April. 
E. Massoni (Syn. E. diffusa) is a European perennial species, 
growing 3in. high, and bearing rose flowers. Grow in sandy 
soil on a sunny rockery. E. Muhlenbergi is a Californian 
species with rich pink and white-eyed flowers. It grows 8in. 
high, and is suitable for the margin of a sunny border or a 
rockery. Grow in sandy loam. Increased by seeds sown out- 
doors in April, or division of the plants in March. 
Eschscholtzia. (Californian Poppy). — Hardy annuals, 
chiefly belonging to the Poppy family (Papaveraceae), and 
natives of N.W. America. The only two species worth growing 
are E. californica, orange, ift. ; and E. Douglasii, pale gold 
with orange centre, ift. E. crocea is a saffron-coloured variety 
of E. californica. There are numerous varieties grown in 
gardens under the names of Rose Cardinal, Rose Queen, 
Buttercup, Mandarin, etc. The latter are very showy plants 
for sunny borders or for beds. Sow seeds in September to 
flower early the next season, and in April to flower in summer. 
They will grow in any soil. Thin the seedlings out *o 6 or 8in. 
apart when an inch or so high. 
Eucharidium. — Californian annuals, belonging to the 
Evening Primrose order (Onagraceae). There are two species, 
and these are E. Breweri, with lilac-purple and white flowers, 
and growing only gin. high ; and E. concinnum, rose, g to i2in. 
high. There is a white variety named album, and a rosy- 
