212 
THE FLOWER GARDEN. 
yellow, purplish disc, Aug. and Sept., 2 to 3ft. The last- 
named is the most species of all, flowering profusely, and its 
flowers are invaluable for cutting. A fine plant for small 
gardens. The correct name of R. pinnata is, according to the 
Kew authorities, Lepachys pinnata. The Rudbeckias succeed 
in ordinary well-drained soil and in sunny or partially shady 
positions. Best grown in bold masses. Plant in autumn or 
spring. Increased by seeds sown outdoors in April, also by 
division in autumn or spring. 
Rumex (Dock). — The only species worthy of mention 
here is the Water Dock (R. Hydrolapathum), a native ol 
Britain, and a member of the Rhubarb order (Polygonaceae). 
It has large green leaves which assume a bright red tinge in 
autumn, and flower stems which grow several feet high. A 
handsome plant to grow on the margins of ponds or water- 
courses. Plant in spring. Increased by division. 
Ruta. (Rue). — The Common Rue (R. gravoleons) possesses 
no special attraction as a flower garden plant, but its varie- 
gated form (R. g. variegata), with golden variegated leaves, is 
worthy of a place in the mixed border. Ordinary soil. Plant 
in autumn or spring. Increased by division. 
Sa.bba.tia. (American Centaury). — Hardy biennials, be- 
longing to the Gentian order (Gentianaceae), and natives of N. 
America. They are plants of considerable beauty when in 
flower and worthy of a place in larger gardens where a full 
collection of hardy plants are desired. The chief species are : 
S. angularis, rose, 1 to 2ft. ; S. campestris, rose, ift. ; S. 
chloroides, rose, 1 to 2ft. ; S. paniculata, white, 1 to 2ft. ; S. 
stellaris, rosy-purple, 6 to 2oin. All flower in summer. Sow 
seeds in peaty soil in a cold frame in spring, and plant out in 
May in a shady, moist border of peaty soil. Or sow seeds 
in April where required to grow. S. campestris will succeed 
in a drier position than the rest. A batch of plants should 
be reared annually to flower the next season. 
Sagina. (Pearlwort). — S. pilifera (Syn. Sperg*ula pilifera) 
is a dwarf, mossy-like perennial formerly used as a substitute 
for grass for lawns on sandy soils. Experience has shown, 
however, that it is not a good substitute for grass, and so 
it is now used only for carpeting bare spots over bulbs or as 
edgings to borders. Its golden-leaved variety aurea is largely 
used for carpet bedding purposes. Easily increased by divi- 
sion in autumn. A native of Corsica, and a member of the 
Carnation order (Caryopbvllaceae). 
