HARDY PLANTS. 
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and a sunny border. They do not thrive well on heavy cold 
soils. Add decayed cow manure freely to sandy soils before 
planting. Plant in autumn or spring. The flow-ers should be 
cut for decorative purposes when they begin to open fully. 
Increased by seeds as advised for the annual species ; by 
cuttings of young shoots in sandy soil in a cold frame in 
summer ; division in autumn or spring. 
Stokesia. (Stokes’ Aster). — The only species grown is 
S. cyanea, a native of N. America, and a hardy perennial. 
Daisy order (Composite). This species grows i 8 in. to 2ft. 
high, is of vigorous growth, and bears blue aster-like flowers 
in Aug. and Sept. A handsome plant for a warm border. 
Requires a sandy soil well enriched with leaf-mould or decayed 
manure. Plant in autumn or spring. Increased by seeds 
sown in gentle heat in spring, planting out the seedlings in 
May ; also by division in March. 
Stylophorum (Celandine Poppy). — A genus of Poppy- 
worts (Papaveracese) and hardy perennials, with glaucous 
pinnate foliage and yellow poppy-like flowers borne in May 
and June. The only species worth noting are: S. diphyllum, 
1 ft. , N.W. America; and S. japonicum, Japan, i 8 in. These will 
thrive in ordinary soil in a partially shaded border. Plant in 
autumn or spring. Increased by seeds sown outdoors in April ; 
also by division in March. 
Swertia. (Felwort). — The Swertias are hardy annuals or 
perennials, belonging to the Gentian order (Gentianaceae). Only 
one species, however, is worth growing, and that is S. perennis, 
a European perennial species, growing gin. high, and bearing 
greyish-purple flowers in July. It requires to be grown in 
moist peaty or boggy soil in partial shade. Plant in spring. 
Increased by seeds^ sown in peaty soil in a cold frame in 
spring ; also by division at the same time. 
Symphandra. — Hardy perennials, belonging to the 
Harebell order (Campanulaceae), and interesting plants to grow 
in partially shaded borders or rockeries in a well-drained sandy, 
loamy soil. The most showy species are : S. armenica (E. 
Europe, blue, June, 2ft. ; S. Hoffmani (Bosnia), white, summer, 
12 to i 8 in. ; S. pendula (Caucasus), creamy-white, July, 1 ft. , 
the best of all; and S. Wanneri (Transylvania), blue, summer, 
6 in. Plant in autumn or spring. Increased by seeds sown in 
sandy soil in a cold frame in spring, planting out the seedlings 
in May ; also by division in October and March. 
Symphytum (Comfrey). — A genus of hardy herbaceous 
perennials of somewhat coaise growth, belonging to the 
