HARDY PLANTS. 
243 
good watering in the evening, hoe the soil between the plants 
once a week, and keep all runners cut off. In July and August 
a dusting of guano may be given at the rate of a handful per 
square yard in rainy weather. This code of treatment will 
ensure strong vigorous plants and plenty of flowers. In Sep- 
tember, if it be desired to grow the plants in frames, the plants 
should be lifted and planted a foot apart therein. The frame 
should be placed on a bed of partially decayed manure and 
have 6in. of good compost — three parts loam to one of leaf- 
mould — placed on top to receive the plants. Let the frame 
slope to the south. Give a good watering, and keep the frame 
closed and shaded from sun for a day or two, then admit air 
freely by day. In severe weather cover the glass with mats 
or litter, and also pack a good thickness of the latter round the 
frames. Directly the frost disappears, remove the covering 
and admit air freely. Violets dislike damp and need all the air 
possible in genial weather. In spring the plants in the frames 
can be divided and replanted again in the open. The best 
varieties of violets are as follows: Singles. — Amiral Avellan, 
reddish-purple; La France, violet-blue; Princess of Wales, 
blue, flowers large and borne on long stalks, one of the finest 
single violets; Russian, dark blue; White Czar, white; Cali- 
fornia, blue, large flowers. Doubles : Comte de Brazza, white ; 
Marie Louise, mauve-lavender; Neapolitan, lavender, white 
eye ; Lady Hume Campbell, lavender blue ; and Mrs. Arthur, 
dark blue. 
Mountain Violets. — These are species, mostly natives of 
the Alps, that are interesting plants for cultivation on 
rockeries. The best of them are: V: biflora (Two-flowered 
Yellow Violet), yellow streaked black; April to June; 3m. 
V. calcarata (Spurred Violet), light blue or white; June; 3m. 
V. cornuta (Horned Pansy), pale blue, fragrant; May; 4 to 
6in. V. cornuta alba, white ; and cornuta purpurea, violet- 
purple. V. cucullata (American Violet), pale blue or purple ; 
June; 4 to 6in. V. pedata (Bird’s Foot Violet), bright blue; 
and gracilis, violet, are also attractive species. These are 
adapted for rockery culture in good ordinary soil. A moist 
partially shady position is best for them. Plant in autumn or 
spring. Increased by division of the tufts any time during 
March and April. 
Waldsteinia. (Barren Strawberry). — Hardy perennial 
herbs with creeping stems, and belonging to the Rose order 
(Rosaceae). They are suitable only for rough, dry rockeries 
and dry banks. The only two species worth growing are W. 
Sragarioides (N. America), flowers yellow, borne in summer; 
