246 
THE FLOWER GARDEN. 
and W. trifolia (E. Europe), yellow, spring and summer. 
Ordinary soil. Plant in spring. Increased by division. 
Wahlenbergia (Tufted Harebell). — Hardy perennials, 
allied to Campanulas, and belonging to the same order (Cam- 
panulaceae). W. hederacea is our native Ivy-leaved Harebell, 
better known as Campanula hederacea. It grows on moist 
bogs, has thread-like creeping stems, and pretty pale blue 
flowers borne in August. Suitable for a moist shady rockery. 
W. dalmatica, a native of Dalmatia, is a dwarf, tufted species 
bearing violet-blue flowers in July and August. Adapted for 
rockery culture. W. pumilo is another tufted Dalmatian 
species, growing 3m. high, and bearing reddish-lilac flowers 
in early summer. Suitable for rockery culture. Other species 
of less merit are : W. gracilis, blue ; W. scrpylifolia, purple- 
blue ; and W. saxicola, pale lilac. All are easily grown in 
good ordinary soil on sunny rockeries. Plant in spring. 
Increased best by seeds sown in autumn or spring. 
Wulfenia.. — YV. carinthiaca is a perennial herb, growing 
12 to i8in. high, and bearing purplish-blue flowers in summer. 
It is a native of the Carinthian Alps, and belongs to the Fox- 
glove order (Scrophulariaceae). An interesting and pretty 
plant to grow on a sunny rockery in moist sandy loam. Plant 
in spring. Increased by division. 
Xanthisma. — The only species grown is X. texanum, 
also known as Centauridium Drummondi. It belongs to the 
Daisy order (Compositae), and is a half-hardy annual, a native 
of Texas, grows 2 to 3ft. high, and bears citron-yellow flowers 
in summer. A very pretty and but little grown annual. Sow 
seeds in light soil in gentle heat or on a hotbed in March, 
harden off the seedlings early in May, and plant out a foot 
or so apart at the end of that month in a sunny border. 
Xeranthemum (Everlasting Flower). — The only species 
grown is X. annuum, a hardy annual, native of S. Europe, 
growing 2ft. high, and bearing violet-purple flowers in summer. 
Album, white ; multiflora, white, purple or violet ; superbissum, 
various colours, and Tom Thumb, dwarf, are pretty forms. 
Sow the seeds outdoors in April where required to grow, and 
thin out the seedlings later to 6in. apart. When the flowers 
are freely expanded gather with long stalks, tie in bunches 
head downwards, and hang in a shed to dry for winter 
decoration. Daisy order (Compositae). 
Xerophyllum (Turkey’s Beard). — Hardy herbaceous 
perennials, belonging to the Lily order (Liliaceae), and natives 
