HARDY WATER PLANTS. 
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cultivated, has slender three-sided leaves from 3 to 4ft. long, 
and erect flower stems, bearing rosy-lilac blossoms in umbels 
or heads at the apices, in early summer. It is one of the 
prettiest of waterside plants, and should be grown on the 
muddy margins of ponds, lakes or water-courses. The greater 
the depth of, and the richer the mud, the finer will the plants 
grow. Plant in March or April. Increased by division of the 
creeping root-stocks, in spring ; or by seed sown in sandy 
soil in pots or pans half sunk in the water in autumn or 
spring. 
Calla. (Bog Arum). — C. palustris is a hardy aquatic peren- 
nial, belonging to the Arum order (Aroidese), and a native of 
N. America and N. Europe. It has cordate leaves, creeping 
stems, and flat white spathes. Height about 6in. A suitable 
plant for growing in masses on the fringe of a pond or 
rivulet where the water is shallow, or in moist muddy spots. 
It increases very rapidly, flowers in summer, and makes an 
interesting water plant. Plant in spring. Increased by divi- 
sion of the stems in spring. 
Caltha (Marsh Marigold). — The Marsh Marigold (C. 
palustris) is a fairly common wild plant in damp spots. In 
early spring its golden-yellow blossoms are very attractive 
in rural districts. Being so common it is seldom cultivated. 
In ponds and w j ater-courses it is, however, worth growing in 
masses for the sake of its bright blossoms. There are two 
double-flowered forms which should certainly be grown on the 
margins of ponds or lakes, also in damp spots in the garden. 
These are nana plena and monstrosa plena. Plant in early 
spring. Increased by division in the case of the double, and 
by seeds in that of the single kind. Buttercup order (Ranuncu- 
laceae). 
Carex (Sedge). — A genus of Sedges, or grass-like peren- 
nials, natives of Britain, and belonging to the Sedge order 
(Cyperaceae). They grow naturally in boggy swamps and by 
the margins of pools, etc., hence under cultivation are 
suitable for growing in damp places in the garden or on the 
fringe of ponds etc. Plant in autumn or spring. C. 
paniculata has three-sided stems and long narrow leaves. In 
summer the plants bear large panicles of brown flowers. C. 
pendula has broadish green leaves 2ft. long, and bears a 
brownish inflorescence in the form of drooping spikelets, on 
stems 3 to 6ft. high. They are very graceful plants. In- 
creased by division of the root-stock in autumn or spring. 
Cyperus (Galingale). — A native waterside plant, be- 
longing to the Sedge order (Cyperaceae). C. longus has stout 
