TREES AND SHRUBS. 
373 
Order Ericaceae (Heath family). For other species of Andro- 
meda see Pieris. 
Arct ostaphylos (Bear-berry). — Dwarf trailing ever- 
green or deciduous shrubs adapted for rockery cultivation. 
Members of the Heath family (Ericaceae). A. Uva-ursa (Bear- 
berry) is a native of Britain, and bears rose-coloured flowers in 
summer and bright red globular berries in autumn. A. alpina 
(Black Bear-berry) is of small growth, deciduous, and bears 
white flow'ers in spring and black berries in autumn. Native 
of Scotland. Both will thrive in ordinary soil on a sunny 
rockery. If peat can be provided so much the better. Plant 
in autumn or spring.. Increased by seeds or layers. 
Berberis (Barberry). — Hardy deciduous and evergreen 
flowering shrubs. Nat. Ord. Berberidaceae. The genus of 
shrubs formerly known as Mahonia is now merged in that 
of Berberis. The chief evergreen species are B. Aquifolium, 
B. Darvvinii, B. empetrifolia, B. japonica, and B. nepa- 
lensis. There is also an evergreen hybrid named steno- 
phylla. The deciduous species are B. Thunbergii and B. 
vulgaris. B. Aquifolium has holly-like foliage, which assumes 
beautiful rich bronzy tints in spring and summer. This kind 
does well under the shade of trees. It has showy yellow 
flow'ers succeeded by purple berries ; height, 3 to 6ft. B. 
Darwinii has oval spiny leaves, a neat habit, and bears a 
profusion of orange flowers in spring ; height, 6 to 10ft. B. 
empetrifolia is a dwarf species, growing 1 to 2ft. high, and 
bearing yellow flowers in winter. B. japonica is a large- 
leaved species, bearing lemon-yellow flowers in early spring. 
It is somewhat tender and requires to be grown in a sheltered 
spot. B. Wilsonae is a new deciduous species from China. 
Flowers golden-yellow succeeded by coral-red berries. Dwarf. 
B. stenophylla is a hybrid between B. Darwinii and 
B. empetrifolia, has slender, interlacing, arching branches, 
which are studded in early spring with a wealth of 
yellow blossoms. B. Thunbergii is a dwarf deciduous 
Japanese species with spiny stems, and small leaves 
which change to a lovely red tint in awtumn. , The 
llowers are yellow and red, borne in April and succeeded by 
scarlet berries. B. vulgaris is a native deciduous shrub, 
growing 8 to 10ft. high, and bearing yellow blossoms, suc- 
ceeded in autumn by orange-red berries, which are edible. 
There are varieties which bear purple, scarlet, yellow and 
white fruits, also one known as B. vulgaris foliis purpureis, 
which has purple-red leaves. The deciduous kinds should be 
associated with other evergreen shrubs and placed in a posi- 
tion where bright spring flow'ers are welcome. B. Darwinii 
